Alpha and Beta Glucose + saccharides

Question 1

Glucose

Answer 1

-Glucose is a carbohydrate with the chemical formula: C6 H12 O6
-Glucose is a hexose sugar, as it contains six carbon atoms
-Glucose is a single sugar molecule (monosaccharide)
-Glucose is a store of chemical energy that can be released during respiration

Question 2

Properties and examples of monosaccharides

Answer 2

-Monosaccharides are soluble in water; this is because it contains a large number of OH (hydroxyl groups) which form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
-Monosaccharides can be chemically joined to form larger carbohydrates (disaccharides/polysaccharides)
EXAMPLES OF MONOSACCHARIDES
-Glucose
-Galactose
-Fructose

Question 3

Ribose

Answer 3

Ribose is a pentose monosaccharide with the chemical formula C5 H10 05
-It contains 5 carbon atoms which is why it is a pentose sugar

Question 4

Alpha vs Beta glucose

Answer 4

Alpha and Beta glucose are both isomers of glucose
ALPHA GLUCOSE
-If the carbon one hydroxyll group points below the plane of the ring, the isomer is alpha glucose
BETA GLUCOSE
-If the carbon one hydroxyl group points above the plane of the ring, the isomer is beta glucose

Question 5

Disaccharide

Answer 5

-A disaccharide is formed when two molecules of alpha glucose are chemically bonded together (two monosaccharides)
-When two alpha glucose molecules are chemically joined together, the reaction forms a molecule of water (H2O)
-This is known as a condensation reaction
-This molecule of water is formed from a hydrogen atom of one of the monosaccharides and a hydroxyl (OH) group of the other monosaccharide

Question 6

Glycosidic bonds

Answer 6

-Glycosidic bonds are the bonds that form between glucose monosaccharides after the condensation reaction occurs
-In the case of alpha glucose molecules, the glycosidic bonds form between the carbon 1 on one molecule and the carbon 4 on the other molecule (1,4 glycosidic bond)

Question 7

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

-If we add water to the disaccharide we can break the glycosidic bond between the two monosaccharides, converting the disaccharide back into the original two monosaccharides
-This is known as a hydrolysis reaction

Question 8

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 8

Glucose+ glucose= maltose
-Glucose+ galactose = lactose
-Glucose+ fructose= sucrose