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Neurology > Alt CNS > Flashcards

Alt CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord

A

Messenger between the peripheral nerves and brain

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2
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the brainstem

A

III-XII

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3
Q

What are the functions of the brainstem

A 
Controls vitals (BP, HR, RR)
Defensive reflexes (sneezing)
Sleeping/consciousness
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4
Q

What is the function of the midbrain

A

Controls the eyes and ears

Consciousness

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5
Q

What is the function of the pons

A

Relays impulses between cerebellum and cerebrum

Controls breathing

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6
Q

What is the function of the medulla

A

Controls complex reflexes (vomiting, cough, sneeze, swallow)
Autonomic centre (baroreceptors)
Substantia nigra

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7
Q

What is the substantia nigra

A

Produces dopamine for the limbic system

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8
Q

What happens in Parkinson’s disease

A

Degeneration of the substantia nigra in the medulla

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9
Q

What is the function of the thalamus

A

Relays signals between cortex and sub-cortical areas

Regulates consciousness, emotional stress and sleep/wake

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10
Q

What are the sub-cortical areas

A

Diencephalon
Pituitary gland
Limbic
Basal ganglia

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11
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

Controls balance, muscle tone and posture

Sends impulses of learned movement to the thalamus and motor cortex

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12
Q

What are the 3 connections in the cerebrum

A

Projection between cortex and spinal cord
Association between same hemispheres
Commissural between two hemispheres

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13
Q

What is the corpus callosum

A

Allows for commissural communication

White matter tract

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14
Q

What makes up the basal ganglia

A

Caudate
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigra

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15
Q

What makes up the dorsal striatum

A

Caudate and putamen

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16
Q

What makes up the lentiform nucleus

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

17
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia

A

Control movement, inhibits unwanted movement

18
Q

Describe subdural haemorrhage

A 
Venous bleed 
Caused by trauma 
Headaches over a long period
Gradual onset
More common in the elderly
19
Q

Describe epidural haemorrhage

A

Arterial bleed
Often caused by trauma/fracture
Period of unconsciousness before waking

20
Q

What produces CSF

A

Choroid plexus in the ventricles

21
Q

How is CSF drained

A

Leaves via the median aperture

Drained via arachnoid granulations

22
Q

How much CSF is produced a day and how much flows at one time

A

500ml

150ml

23
Q

What are the functions of the CSF

A 
Buoyancy - suspends brain
Protection - shock absorber
Prevents brain ischaemia - can reduce to decrease pressure and increase perfusion 
Homeostasis
Waste clearance
24
Q

What can hydrocephalus present with

A

Headache
Vomiting
Blurred vision

25
Q

What is the treatment for hydrocephalus

A

Shunt in the brain to drain fluid

26
Q

What is the function of the Broca’s area

A

Motor programme for muscles
Produce speech
Motor association area on the left

27
Q

What is the function of the Wernicke’s area

A

Responsible for recognition of spoken and written language

Primary auditory cortex on the left

28
Q

What is contained in the frontal lobe and what are their functions

A

Prefrontal cortex - control behaviour and sense of being
Motor association area - contraction of muscles for action
Primary motor cortex - sends signals for coordinated movement

29
Q

What is contained in the temporal lobe and what are their functions

A

Primary auditory cortex - receives auditory signals

Auditory association area - recognises signals received as words or music

30
Q

What is contained in the parietal lobe and what are their functions

A

Primary somatosensory cortex - touch, pain and temp.

Somatosensory association area - interprets the sensory info

31
Q

What is contained in the occipital lobe and what are their functions

A

Visual association area - Recognises faces and objects

Primary visual cortex - receives visual signals

Neurology (12 decks)

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