Alterations in GI Function

Question 1

Duodenal Ulcers

Answer 1

• common in young adult males (smokers, FH, alcohol)
• pain [2,5] hours after eating; 1st part of small intestine
• perforation (upper GI bleeding) w/ NSAIDs
• spontaneous remission

Question 2

Gastric Ulcers

Answer 2

• older females
• pain [1,2] hours after eating ; stomach
• positive feedback: chronic ulcers -> acid production-> further disruption and ulceration
• perforation (upper GI bleeding)
• can be treated with antacids

Question 3

Stress Ulcers

Answer 3

• found in sick patients
• located in stomach
• painless perforation

Question 4

GERD

Answer 4

• reflux of accident contents in esophagus
• caused by weak lower sphinchter (alcohol, fatty foods, smoking, caffeine, peppermint)
• can be caused by increased abdominal pressure (pregnancy, large meals, obesity, gastroparesis)
• acute symptoms: sore throat, dyspepsia, chest pain etc.
  chronic symptoms: narrowing of esophagus (strictures), and Barret’s esophagus (metaplasia of esophagus)

Question 5

***Crohn’s Disease

Answer 5

• granulomatous skip lesions that go throughout the GI system
• autoimmune disoder
• can create fistulas (abnormal connection between organs)
• Manifestations: intermittent diarrhea, RLQ colicky pain, weight loss

Question 6

**Ulcerative Coliitis

Answer 6

• non-specific inflammation of colon –> lead to ulcers and necrosis
• increased risk for colon cancer
• Manifestations: bloody and mucous in diarrhea, w/ abdominal cramping

Question 7

Diverticulitis

Answer 7

• inflammation of diverticula (out-pouching of intestine) -> can lead to peritonitis
• LLQ pain, cramping, oerforation, hemorrage

Question 8

appendicitus

Answer 8

• intra-luminal obstruction of appendix -> swelling, necrosis, gangrene and perforation
  -Manifestations: early umbilical and epigastric pain, RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness
• Complications: sepsis, abcess, peritonitis

Question 9

Celiac’s Disease

Answer 9

• autoimmune reaction to alpha-gliadin causing an allergic reaction to gluten containing products
• can lead to the destruction of microvilli and the lack of absorption nutrients in the body