Alternative perspectives Flashcards
(19 cards)
Who contributed ethics of care?
Carol Gilligan and Virginia Held
What does ethics of care emphasis?
theory emphasises our interdependence with those who we have important relationships & acknowledges a role for emotions as well as rationality (Crane et al, 2019)
What’s the approach to ‘Feminist Ethics’?
It is based on assumptions about gender- men and women have different approaches to how they relate to each other - women approach is undermined by traditional ethical theories.
What does ‘Feminist Ethics’ mean?
Something important is missing if some voices are privileged and others are consistently excluded. Goal is to minimise harm and maintain healthy relationships, but is based on a stereotypical binary view of gender.
What are the ethics of care in a business context?
- Emphasises the importance of stakeholder relationships - communicate and manage relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, government and local community.
- Understanding context when assessing a ethical dilemma - who’s involved and what’s the relationship? Who benefitting/being harmed such as power dynamics, managers, employees etc
- Ensure inclusivity - acknowledge and honour difference, promote diversity, particularly in leadership and have inclusive policies e.g. metering, flexible working
Who contributed discourse ethics?
Jurgen Habermas
What does discourse ethics aim to do?
Theory aims to solve ethical conflicts by providing a process of norm generation through rational reflection on the real life experiences of all relevant participants and focuses on deliberative process that is a procedural type of theory.
How does discourse ethics involve conflict resolution?
It is a practical theory through conflict resolution, such as through process of debate. An ethical decision is one that is reached with the agreement of all, regardless of what the decision is.
What is a challenge of discourse ethics?
the theory is time consuming and it is a optimistic view of people.
What is discourse ethics in a business context?
- Discourse can be engaged with stakeholders to settle conflict. The idea of discourse ethics should me certain criteria
- Impartiality -non persuasiveness cannot be biased decisions, everyone must share views. Non coercion powerful people must refrain from sharing their views
- Ethical business rooted in stakeholder dialogue, based on equal participation. Expertise of participants engage in discussion properly.
Who contributed post modern ethics?
Zygmunt Bauman
What is the focus of post modern ethics?
focus of the theory on moral impulse, which is human innate internal guide to ethics, so its a very poststructuralists type of theory.
What does post modern ethics locate?
Theory locates morality beyond sphere of rationally in an emotional ‘moral impulse’ towards others. Encourages individual actors to question everyday practices and rules and to listen and follow their emotions, inner convictions and ‘gut feelings’ about what they think is right and wrong.
What is the challenge of post modern ethics?
does not provide a framework that can be applied to a specific ethical dilemma, its completely reliant on our gut feeling and these intuitions can have biases.
What is post modern ethics in a business context?
- Holistic approach - do not separate between private and professional morality.
- Practices rather than principles - helps individuals understand and overcome unquestioned rules that constrain/dominate them.
- Think local act local - connect with communities affected by business decisions to enable involvement of emotions, context specific.
- Preliminary character - ethical reasoning is a constant learning process.
What is the typical perspective of ethical dilemmas?
ethical dilemma -> ‘lens of ethical theory’ ->single narrative consideration for solving ethical dilemma
What is the pluralistic perspective of ethical dilemmas?
Real business decisions involve multiple actions with a variety of ethical views. Ethical theories help to systematically articulate these views and provide a considered response.
Pluralist approach enables use to embrace humans and their moral decision-making in their totality.
What does the pluralist approach look like?
ethical dilemma -> ‘prism of ethical theories’ -> variety of normative consideration in solving the ethical dilemma.
What are some key insights from ethical theories and ethical decision making?
- Social consequences - utilitarianism theory
- Duties to others - ethics of duty
- Character and Integrity - virtue ethics
- Deliberative process - discourse ethics
- Empathy and moral impulse - postmodern ethics
