Alzheimers & Parkinsons Disease Flashcards
(34 cards)
Who said that APOE-4 is involved in beta-amyloid plaque formation?
Evans, 1995
who found that ldopa can cross the blood brain barrier
Cotzias, 1967
Before entering the brain, levodopa gets broken down by dopa carboxylase which means less levodopa enters the brain so it is not as effective, how can this be prevented to make sure more levadopa passes into the brain
levodopa can be administered alongside dopa decarboxylase inhibitors like carbidopa
who found that REM sleep disorder can be a symptom of parkinsons
Gunn, 2010
in Parkinsons, where is the dopamine loss
striatum
what pathological feature is significant in people with parkinsons
the formation of lewy bodies which causes neural dysfunction
how does the dopamine loss in parkinsons cause reduced movement
the loss disrupts signalling in basal ganglia which leads to an impaired initiation and control of movement
who did the nun study for alzhemiers
Snowdon, 1996
what did Snowndon 1996 find the from autopsy in the nun study
some nuns had neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques but showed no symptoms - high cog reserve
what does the amyloid cascade theory suggest
when beta amyloid is built up, it causes beta amyloid plaques due to the toxic pathway causing an abnormal clearance of beta amyloid (b secretes and y secretes)
what gene variant causes a high risk of Alzheimers
APOE-4
B-APP is sometimes cut down for removal, when being cut down it can either go down a healthy pathway or a toxic pathway. when it goes down the toxic pathway, what protein is formed that typically forms the beta-amyloid plaques?
AB42
apart from levodopa, what can another treatment for parkinsons be
fetal tissue transplantation
who did the study on fetal tissue transplantation
Sladek, 1987
what did Sladek find from the fetal tissue transplantation in monkeys
it formed connections with neighbouring tissues to release dopamine which reduced Parkinson symptoms
apart from fetal tissue transplantation and levodopa, what is another way of treating parkinsons
dopamine agonists - mimic dopamine
who found that people with APOE-4 have reduced activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, hence why they struggle with memorising movement
Small, 2002
what are the neurofibrillary tangles caused from
the tau protein twisting
what clears B-APP (beta amyloid precursor protein)
secretase
what is the toxic pathway
B-secreatse and Y-secretase cut B-APP causing beta-amyloid peptides which clump together to form plaques
when stuck for names, who can you include when talking about parkinsons
Samali 2013
who said that parkinsons is a deterioration in function due to dopamine loss
Klein, 2007
what is dementia
set of symptoms that typically include memory loss, as well as problems with thinking, problem solving, and language. These symptoms are caused by different diseases that affect the brain, with Alzheimer’s being the most common disease
caused by Alzheimers
what is parkinsons a form of
a type of dementia
