amines Flashcards
Amine functional group
R-NH2 etc
Amide functional group
R-C(=O)-NH2 etc
Aliphatic meaning
Non aromatic
Reaction of aliphatic amine
With water
Donates hydrogen atom to the NH2 to form an NH3+
Acts as a base
Reversible
Amine acts as base because accepts a proton
Reaction of amine with acid
R-NH3+(salt)-
Reaction of acyl chloride and amine
Nucleophilic substitution / elimination
Cl from acrylic chloride is remove and H from amine reduced and join to form an amide
Need to know mechanism
Reaction of amine and haloalkane
R-X + 2NH3 -> R-NH2 +NH4 X
Nucleophilic substitution
Idk bruv
Forms secondary amine
Reaction of little ammonia with copper 2+ solution
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 -> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4+
Reversible bc ammonia is only a weak base
Ppt can be written as Cu(OH)2
Pale blue ppt
Reaction of excess ammonia with copper 2+ solution
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4NH3 -> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ + 4H2O
Deep blue solution
Ammonia donates lone pare of electrons
reasons for the difference in basicity of ammonia, primary aliphatic amines
Alkyl groups increase basicity because they
- push e- density to the nitrogen atom which makes the nitrogen lone pair more attractive to hydrogen ions.
- stabilise +ve charge on nitrogen after an ion is formed
reasons for the difference in basicity of ammonia and primary aromatic amines
Aromatic groups decrease basicity
Benzene ring with draws electron density from nitrogen atom, lone pair is less available for proteins
Production of amine from nitrile
reduce with LiALH4 and dry ether
(Or hydrogen gas and metal, nickel, catalyst)
Reaction of aromatic nitro compounds
Use ting and conc HCl to for amines
Type of reaction when forming polyamide
Condensation polymerisation
Molecules which from condensation polymers
Dicarboxylic acid and diols
Dicarboxylic acid and diamines
Amino acids
