organic synthesis Flashcards
use of anti-bumping granules
evenly disperse heath through liquid
prevent formation of large bubbles/ provide surface area for bubbles to form/ creates small bubbles
why is reflux not an efficient way to produce ethanoic acid from ethanol
forms ethanal
because ethanal has a lower boiling temperature
formation of alcohol from ester
water and strong acid e.g. HCl
acyl chloride to ester
add alcohol at rtp
acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
water
acyl chloride to amide
NH3 nucleophilic substitution
amine to amide
nucleophilic substitution
acyl chloride
nitrile to carboxylic acid
heat
sulphuric acid
halogenoalkane to nitrile
heat under reflux
NaCN
halogenoalkane to amine
heated under reflux
concentrated ammonia in ethanol
halogenoalkane to alcohol
reflux
aqueous KOH
halogenoalkane to alkene
reflux
ethanoic NaOH
alcohol to chloroalkane
PCl5
alcohol to bromoalkane
NaBr 50% H2SO4
R-NH3+ TO R-NH2
OH-
