amines Flashcards
(12 cards)
basic formula for cationic surfactants
(fatty acid tail) N+R3 (quaternary ammonium salts) and Cl-
what are cationic surfactants used for
shampoo, laundry detergant and washing up liquid. hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head
reaction of halogenoalkanes with ammonia
nucleophilic substititution. hot and ethanolic.
MESSY- can keep reacting so impure
what product would you get if it was excess ammonia
primary amine
what product would you get if it was excess halogenoalkane
quaternary ammonium salt
nitrile reduction
nickel catalyst and 2H2 or LiAlH4 in dilute acid. 100% yield
describe how to prepare aromatic amines
electrophilic substitution- adding NO2 to form nitrobenzene
nitrobenzene is reduced with conc HCl and tin under reflux. NaOH
equation to form NO2+
HNO3 + H2SO4 -> HSO4- +NO2+ + H20
how can amines act as a nucleophile and base
amine can attack a delta positive (nucleophile) . amine can accept a proton (base)
describe strength of bases in order
tertiary amine> secondary amine> primary amine>ammonia> aromatic amine
why is a teriary aine the strongest
higher electron density due to inductive effect of alkyl groups so lone pair on n is more available to accept a proton
why is aromatic amine the weakest
benzene ring withdraws electrons to be delocalised above and below plane so lone pair on N is less available to accept a proton
