amines, amino acids and polymers Flashcards
(10 cards)
are amines bases?
an amine is a proton acceptor - the lone pair on the N can form a dative covalent bond with an H+ from an acid
CH3NH2 + H+ > CH3NH3+
write an equation for reaction of ethyl amine with HCl
what type of product formed
CH3CH2NH2 + HCl à CH3CH2NH3+Cl-
a salt is made
Explain how aliphatic amines can be made.
An aliphatic amine can be made by reacting a haloalkane with excess ammonia using ethanol as a solvent. This would make a primary amine. Secondary amines can be made by reacting a haloalkane with a primary amine.
Explain how aromatic amines can be made. What type of reaction is this?
An aromatic amine can be made by refluxing a nitrobenzene with tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid. This is a reduction reaction. Excess HCl can be neutralised with NaOH
general formula for an amino acid?
H2NCH(R)COOH
define optical isomerism
Optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images. They contain a chiral carbon.
Explain how you would identify chiral centres in a molecule of any organic compound
A chiral centre is a carbon atom with 4 different atoms or groups attached.
Explain what type of product is formed in (a) the acid hydrolysis and (b) the base hydrolysis of the ester groups in polyesters
a) A carboxylic acid and an alcohol b) A salt of the carboxylic acid and an alcohol
Explain what type of product is formed in (a) the acid hydrolysis and(b) the base hydrolysis of the amide groups in polyamides
a) A carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt b) A salt of the carboxylic acid and an amine
Explain how you can recognise the type of polymerisation from a section of a polymer
Addition polymer: the backbone of the polymer is a continuous chain of carbon atoms
Condensation polymer: the backbone of the polymer contains ester
(-COO-) or amide (CONH-) linkages
