Amino A and Peptides

Question 1

neuroendocrine employs short polymers of AA called

Answer 1

Peptides

Question 2

humans and animals cannot synthesize these 10 amino acids

Answer 2

L-a - amino acids (human diet must contain these for growth)

Question 3

how many amino acids does the kidney filter each day

Answer 3

50

Question 4

Genus lathyrus disease

Answer 4

an irreversible disease where individuals lose control of their limbs

Question 5

neucleotide triplets are called

Answer 5

codons

Question 6

the R-groups of aa can be classified as 2 ways

Answer 6

hyrdo philic or phobic

Question 7

proteins with additional amino acids in it

Answer 7

posttranslations

Question 8

an L @ amino acid found in every domain of life

Answer 8

Selenocysteine

Question 9

building blocks of proteins

Answer 9

Amino acids and peptides

Question 10

what is in the middle of the amino acid structure

Answer 10

the central carbon

Question 11

acids also has the amino group (NH2)

Answer 11

that has Nitrogen

Question 12

other side of the carbon is carboxyl

Answer 12

COOH

Question 13

Thus, amino group, central carbon and carboxyl group made

up the structure is called

Answer 13

an amino acid

Question 14

what makes amino acids special

Answer 14

R group above C

Question 15

Levo means left sided while dextro means right sided

Answer 15

the L-alanine amino
acid is called as such because the amino group is on the left
side

Question 16

amino acids actually exist as L amino

acids since they are all in the L confirmation or orientation

Answer 16

Naturally produced in the human body are the L

amino acids

Question 17

what are the aliphatic amino acids

Answer 17

has linear or branched chain

branched are the Valine (V), Leucine
L) and Isoleucine (I
Linear are Glycine and Alanine
GAVLI

Question 18

HYDROXYL (-OH) AMINO ACIDS

Answer 18

Another amino acid group which contains hydroxyl are the
Serine (S), Threonine (T), and Tyrosine (Y)
- forms H bonds that allows proteins to interact
STY

Question 19

SULFUR (-SH) CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS

Answer 19

Amino acids that contains sulfhydryl group are Cysteine 
and Methionine (M)

CM

• important in interaction between protein and catalysis of enzyme

Question 20

ACIDIC AMINO ACIDS

• Amides are the similar version of aspartate and glutamate
  but possess an extra amine group

Answer 20

Aspartic Acid/ Aspartate (D),
Asparagine (N), Glutamic Acid/ Glutamate (E), and
Glutamine (Q)

DNEQ

Question 21

BASIC AMINO ACIDS

Answer 21

are basic because of their basicity of their
functional group

Arginine ®, Lysine (K), and
Histidine (H)

RKH

Question 22

This amino acids are in contrast with the aliphatic amino acid
group

Answer 22

AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS

have ring side chains
● Aromatic amino acids are Phenylalanine (F), Tryptophan
(W), Tyrosine (Y), and Histidine (H)

FWYH

Question 23

IMINO AMINO ACIDS

Answer 23

Proline (P)

• technically not an amino acid. imino

Proline is also a building block of protein

Question 24

classification of amino acids

Answer 24

• non polar Amino acids
• POLAR, NON CHARGED AMINO ACIDS
• POLAR, CHARGED AMINO ACIDS

Question 25

this amino acid are - neutral - no charge, not interact well with water - no meoity to have free interaction

Answer 25

NON POLAR Amino acid -Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Proline, Methionine, Phenylalanine and Tryptophan

Question 26

this amino acid are - don't have a charge at their physiologic pH or conditions

Answer 26

POLAR, NON CHARGED AMINO ACIDS Glycine, Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, Asparagine, Glutamine, and Tyrosine

Question 27

``` this amino acid are -have charge at their physiologic pH or conditions - can be acidic or basic - amino acid are negatively charged - ```

Answer 27

Acidic amino acids are negatively charge and these amino acids are Aspartic Acid, and Glutamic Acid ● Basic amino acids are positively charge and these amino acids are Lysine, Arginine, Histidine

Question 28

this property of amino acid - Smallest amino acid Can fit in regions inaccessible to other amino acids

Answer 28

Glycine

Question 29

this property of amino acid - hyrdophobic - express inside the protein - not exposed to the blood

Answer 29

amino acid with aliphatic or aromatic r group

Question 30

this property of amino acid - basic and acidic - hydrophilic - can be seen outside of proteins - stabilizes protein protein thru ionic bonds

Answer 30

amino acids with charged R groups

Question 31

this property of amino acid - specifically serine and cysteine - very important in enzymatic catalysis - interact readily with other cells

Answer 31

hydroxyl and sulfide amino acids

Question 32

this property of amino acid - serine, tyrosine, and threonine - undergoes phosporylation - important for functions of enzymes

Answer 32

hydroxyl amino acids

Question 33

this property of amino acid | -Important buffer for acid-base balance at physiologic pH

Answer 33

Imidazole group of Histidine

Question 34

- 21s amino acid - similar to cysteine - selenium - not coded in the genes - deficiency results in Keshan disease

Answer 34

SELENOCYSTEINE

Question 35

Keshan disease

Answer 35

lead to dilated cardiomyopathy which is a type of heart failure due to increased oxidative stress

Question 36

NEUROTRANSMITTERS, HORMONES, AND OTHER DERIVATIVES

Answer 36

- Thyroid hormones - Amines - Nitic oxide - Carnitine -

Question 37

this neurotransmitter and derivative - Derived from Tyrosine › Important for regulating metabolism

Answer 37

Thyroid hormones