Amino acid transmitters Flashcards
What is the role of glutamate as a neurotransmitter?
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that helps to enhance the transmission of signals in the central nervous system.
What are the roles of GABA and glycine as neurotransmitters?
GABA and glycine are inhibitory neurotransmitters that help to reduce the transmission of signals in the central nervous system.
What are the two types of receptors that glutamate and GABA act on?
Glutamate and GABA can act on ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors.
What are the subtypes of glutamate and GABA receptors?
The subtypes of glutamate receptors include AMPA, NMDA, and kainate receptors, while the subtypes of GABA receptors include GABA-A and GABA-B receptors.
How do glutamate and GABA receptors function?
Glutamate receptors mediate the influx of calcium ions into cells, while GABA receptors mediate the influx of chloride ions into cells, leading to hyperpolarization.
How are amino acid transmitters synthesized?
Amino acid transmitters are synthesized from their corresponding amino acids through a process called decarboxylation.
How does transmitter uptake terminate the action of amino acid transmitters?
Transmitter uptake involves the reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the presynaptic neuron or glial cells, leading to the termination of its action.
