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AMINO ACIDS Flashcards

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1
Q

Found at the catalytic (active) site in proteins and
enzymes due to its amine-containing side chain

SEMI- ESSENTIAL

ONLY REQUIRED FOR YOUNG INDIVIDUALS

A

ARGININE

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2
Q

cell division
wound healing
stimulation of protein synthesis
immune function
release of hormones
required in the generation of urea
required in the synthesis of creatine which degrades to creatinine

A

ARG

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3
Q

C6H9N3O2

A

HIS

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4
Q

Needed to help grow and repair body tissues and to
maintain the myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells

A

HIS

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5
Q

Manufacturing of RBCs and WBCs

A

HIS

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6
Q

Myelin Sheath
Precursor for Hormones
Synthesis of Blood Cells
Protection vs heavy metals
DNA and RNA Synthesis

A

HIS

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7
Q

Protecting the body from heavy metal toxicity

A

HIS

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8
Q

Important source of carbon atoms in the synthesis of purines for DNA and RNA synthesis

A

HIS

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9
Q

Direct precursor of Histamine – stimulates the
secretion of the digestive enzyme gastrin

A

HIS

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10
Q

branched amino acids

A

LEUCINE
ISOLEUCINE
VALINE

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11
Q

treatment of muscle, mental, and
emotional problems such as insomnia and anxiety, as well as liver and gallbladder disease

A

VALINE

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12
Q

Most common and necessary for infant growth and
nitrogen balance in adults.

A

LEUCINE

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13
Q

Important in Hgb formation, regulate blood glucose
and maintain energy levels.

A

ISOLEUCINE

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14
Q

C6H14N2O2

A

LYSINE

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15
Q

A basic amino acid
Has a net positive charge, which make it one of the
three basic amino acids

A

LYSINE

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16
Q

Production of Igs
○ Calcium Control
○ Collagen Formation
○ Cartilage and CT Component

A

LYSINE

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17
Q

Production of antibodies
● Lowering triglyceride levels

A

LYSINE

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18
Q

Needed for proper growth and bone development in
children
● Maintains nitrogen balance in adults
● Absorption and conservation of Ca+
● Formation of collagen, a component of cartilage and connective tissue

A

LYSINE

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19
Q

C5H11NO2S

A

METHIONINE

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20
Q

Initiate translation of messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

MET

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21
Q

First amino acid incorporated into the N-terminal
position of all proteins

A

MET

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22
Q

Source of sulfur required by the body for normal
metabolism and growth

A

MET

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23
Q

Translation of mRNA
○ Cellular Antioxidant
○ Source of Sulfur
○ Breakdown of fats
○ Absorption of Se and Zn

A

MET

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24
Q

Assisting breakdown of fats
● Detoxifying lead and other heavy metals

A

MET

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25
Diminishing muscle weakness and prevents brittle hair ● Reacting with ATP in the synthesis of many important substances, including epinephrine and choline.
MET
26
C9H11NO2
PHENYL
27
Non-polar amino acid Direct metabolic precursor of tyrosine and deficiency of phenylalanine will also result in a deficiency of tyrosine
PHE
28
Promoting alertness and vitality, elevates mood, decreases pain, aids in memory and learning
phe
29
Treating arthritis and depression
phe
30
Used by the brain to produce norepinephrine that transmits signals between nerve cells
PHE
31
Plays a key role in the biosynthesis of other amino acids
PHE
32
C4H9NO3
THREONINE
33
Alcohol containing amino acid that is an important component in the formation of collagen, elastin and tooth enamel.
THREO
34
Collagen, elastin, and enamel ○ Neurotransmitters ○ Protein balance ○ Liver function ○ Metabolism of Porphyrins and fats
THREO
35
Production of neurotransmitters and health of the nervous system
threo
36
Maintain proper protein balance in the body and aids in liver function, metabolism, and assimilation.
threo
37
C11H12N2O2
TRYP
38
Formed from proteins during digestion by the action of proteolytic enzymes ● Metabolic precursor for serotonin and melatonin
tryp
39
Metabolic precursor ○ Serotonin and Melatonin ○ Natural Relaxant ○ Niacin Production
TRYP
40
Alleviation of insomnia by inducing sleep, soothes anxiety, reduces depression
TRYP
41
Reduce appetite ○ Aid in weight control ● Control hyperactivity ○ In children
TRYP
42
Involved in the energy-producing breakdown of glucose simplest amino acid is a product of the breakdown of DNA or the dipeptides, anserine and carnosine, and the conversion of pyruvate (carbohydrate)
ALA
43
Transferring of nitrogen from peripheral tissues to the liver ● Strengthens the immune system
ALA
44
Reducing the buildup of toxic substances released when muscle protein is broken down quickly to meet the energy demands of the body
ALA
45
most abundant amino acids involved in the transport of nitrogen
aspargine
46
Converting one amino acid into another via amination or via transamination
aspargine
47
process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule
amination
48
reaction wherein an amino acid from one group is transferred to an alpha ketoacid
transamination
49
Required by the nervous system ● Plays an important role in the synthesis of ammonia
asparagine
50
alanine with one of the β-hydrogens replaced by a carboxylic acid group ● Synthesized from oxaloacetate through transamination ● A metabolite in the citric acid cycle and the urea cycle
aspartic acid
51
Generation of glucose from nonsugar substrates ○ In the process of gluconeogenesis ● Synthesis of some amino acids
ASPARTIC
52
metabolite in the urea cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis
aspartic acid
53
May be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic diseases or malabsorption syndrome
CYS
54
Potentially toxic, it is absorbed during digestion as cystine, which is more stable in the gastrointestinal tract and less toxic.
CYS
55
Structural and functional component of many proteins and enzymes and has significant antioxidant properties
CYS
56
● A constituent in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries
CYS
57
is synthesized from a number of amino acids, and when an amino group is added to glutamic acid, it forms the important amino acid, glutamine. ● Net negative charge by pH
GLUTAMATE
58
Neurotransmitter, and its dysregulation has been linked to epileptic seizures. ● Metabolism of sugars and fats ● Transport of potassium into spinal fluid.
GLU
59
Present in foods responsible for the basic human sense of taste (umami)
GLU
60
Used as a food additive and flavor enhancer in the form of its sodium salt
MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE
61
It is derived from your glutamic acid when you add an amino group to it. ● Most abundant amino acid in the body.
GLN
62
converted to glucose when more glucose is required for energy and aids in immune function
GLN
63
Acting as the basis of the building blocks for synthesis of RNA and DNA
GLN
64
Renal maintenance of the acid-base balance, ● Providing fuel for healthy digestive tract ● Source of cellular energy and aids in immune function
GLN
65
Transport ammonia (byproduct of protein breakdown) to the liver for metabolism, converts into urea, and excreted by the kidneys
GLN
66
The treatment of serious illnesses, injury, trauma, burns, cancer treatment-related side effects, and wound healing for postoperative patients
GLN
67
marketed as a supplement used for muscle growth in weightlifting and bodybuilding
GLN
68
Synthesized from serine ● Is the only amino acid that is not active because it has no stereoisomers
GLY
69
Synthesis of nucleic acids, bile acids, proteins, peptides, purines, ATP, porphyrins, hemoglobin, glutathione, creatine, bile salts, glucose, glycogen, and other amino acids
GLY
70
Retards muscle degeneration, improves glycogen storage, and promotes healing
GLY
71
Help in the detoxification (liver) of compounds and to help in the synthesis of bile acids ● An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
GLY
72
Produced from glutamine and is the precursor for hydroxyproline
pro
73
is manufactured into collagen, tendons, ligaments, and cardiac tissue.
hydroxyproline
74
Wound healing ● Function in tandem with Vitamin C to promote healthy connective tissues.
PROLINE
75
Wound healing ● Function in tandem with Vitamin C to promote healthy connective tissues.
PROLINE
76
Synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate, which is an intermediate in glycolysis
SERINE
77
Needed in lipid and fatty acids metabolism. ● Highly concentrated in all cell membranes, is a component of the protective myelin sheaths surrounding nerve fibers.
ser
78
Production of antibodies
LYSINE SERINE
79
Metabolically synthesized from phenylalanine Precursor of the adrenal hormones epinephrine, norepinephrine dopamine, and thyroid hormones (thyroxine).
tyrosine
80
Overall metabolism and aiding in function of the adrenal glands, thyroid, and pituitary glands. ● Acts as a mood elevator, useful in the treatment of chronic fatigue, narcolepsy, anxiety, depression, low sex drive, allergies, and headaches.
tyrosine
81
Encoded by a UGA codon (a stop codon) Selenium analog of cysteine, wherein the selenium atom replaces the sulfur in cysteine. Present in several enzymes, such as formate dehydrogenases, glycine reductases, and some hydrogenases.
SELENOCYSTEINE
82
HIV-1 encodes a functional selenoprotein, and patients with HIV infection have been shown to have a lower-than-average blood plasma selenium level
selenocysteine
83
Encoded by the UAG codon
PYRROLYSINE
84
This amino acid is not present in humans and only in prokaryotic and single-celled microorganisms – part of methane-producing metabolism.
pyrrolysine
85
One of the basic amino acids because of the presence of imidazole side chain
HISTIDINE
86
Large, complex molecules comprised of 200 to 300 amino acids. In humans, there are 20 different amino acids used in the synthesis of proteins.
proteins
87
Made up of ONLY amino acids
simple proteins

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