amino acids

Question 1

protein:
Greek word, “???,” meaning prim

Answer 1

proteios

Question 2

proteins Make up ??? of total dry body weight

Answer 2

3/4th

Question 3

protein:

Contain the major components of ??? while ?? and ?? minor components

Answer 3

C,H,O, N;
S and P

Question 4

proteins are distinguished by

Answer 4

nitrogen

Question 5

protein Commonly contain ?? types of amino acids

Answer 5

20

Question 6

roles of proteins (7)

Answer 6

digestive enzyme
transport
structure
hormone signaling
defense
contraction
storage

Question 7

examples: digestive enzyme

Answer 7

amylase
lipase
pepsin

Question 8

example: transport proteins

Answer 8

hemoglobin

Question 9

examples: structure protein

Answer 9

actin
tubulin
keratin

Question 10

examples: hormone signaling protein

Answer 10

insulin
glucagon

Question 11

examples: defense protein

Answer 11

antibodies

Question 12

examples: contraction protein

Answer 12

myosin

Question 13

examples: storage protein

Answer 13

legume storage proteins
egg white (albumin)

Question 14

The building blocks of proteins

Answer 14

amino acids

Question 15

amino acids are also used as single molecules in ???

Answer 15

biochemical pathways

Question 16

Two functional groups: amino acids

Answer 16

➢ carboxylic acid group
➢ amino group on the alpha carbon

Question 17

amino acids have different side groups (R)
➢ ??? dictate behavior of amino acids
➢ Structure of R also influence ???

Answer 17

Properties;
solubility

Question 18

Both the –NH2 and the –COOH groups in an amino acid undergo ??? in water

Answer 18

ionization

Question 19

At physiological pH (7.4), a ??? forms
➢ Both + and – charges
➢ Overall neutral
➢ ???
▪ Amino group is ???
▪ Carboxyl group is ???

Answer 19

zwitterion;
Amphoteric;
protonated;
deprotonated

Question 20

are compounds that can act as both acids and bases.

Answer 20

Amphoteric substances

Question 21

amino acids are soluble in polar solvents due to ???

Answer 21

ionic character

Question 22

The α carbon is chiral or asymmetric ( 4 different
groups are attached to the carbon; exception is ???)

Answer 22

glycine

Question 23

Amino acids exist as ??? (same molecular formula, but differ in arrangement of groups).

Answer 23

stereoisomers

Question 24

Amino acids used in nature are of ??? configuration

Answer 24

L

Question 25

NH3 + on left =

Answer 25

L

Question 26

NH3 + on right =

Answer 26

D

Question 27

called α -amino acids because they all have:

Answer 27

- an amino (NH3+) group - a carboxyl group (COOH) attached to C-2 carbon (α -carbon).

Question 28

Classify by structure of R [amino acids] (5)

Answer 28

– Nonpolar – Polar – Aromatic – Acidic – Basic

Question 29

NON POLAR ALIPHATIC AMINO ACIDS (7)

Answer 29

Proline Glycine Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine Methionine

Question 30

polar, uncharged r groups (6)

Answer 30

Serine Threonine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine Tyrosine

Question 31

Positively charged R groups (3)

Answer 31

lysine arginine histidine

Question 32

negatively charged R groups (2)

Answer 32

aspartate glutamate

Question 33

nonpolar, aromatic R groups (3)

Answer 33

phenylalanine tryptophan tyrosine

Question 34

All amino acids (except ???) are optically active

Answer 34

glycine