Amnesty

Question 1

AI Perspective Evidence

Agnes Callamard, Secretary General

Human rights
Breaching sovereignty

Answer 1

““The invasion has triggered a huge human rights crisis”
“Russia is breaching the sovereignty of Ukraine & challenging the global security architecture”-

Question 2

Amnesty 2022 report on Ukrainian misconduct

Amnesty report quote

Zelesnky’s response

Answer 2

“Ukrainian forces endangered civilians by establishing military bases in residential areas, including schools and hospitals.” (Amnesty Report, August 2022).
“Being in a defensive position does not exempt the Ukrainian military from respecting international humanitarian law,”

“Trying to shift responsibility from the aggressor to the victim.”

Question 3

Interests

Universal juridiction quote

Answer 3

1. Keep both states accountable for any war crimes.
   (Controversial August 2022 report)
2. Uphold international law such as the UN charter and reinforce peace and punish obstructions.
   “The international community should use all its influence and tools, including universal jurisdiction, against Russia to stop these heinous crimes under international law

Question 4

Response 1. Documentation

Agnes Quote (Bucha)

Kharkiv, 2022 report quote

Answer 4

Documentation of War Crimes
- Ukraine setting up military bases in residential areas.
“Ukrainian forces endangered civilians by establishing military bases in residential areas, including schools and hospitals.” (Amnesty Report, August 2022).

• Investigations alleged Russian war crimes in Bucha. (“[The] reports from Bucha are showing a wider pattern of war crimes including extrajudicial executions and torture” (Agnes Callamard).
• The bombing of civilian areas in Kharkiv. (Russia) “Russian forces have repeatedly launched devasting and indiscriminate strikes using internationally banned cluster bombs on
  populated residential areas” (amnesty 2022).

Question 5

Response 2 Advocacy for accountability

Quote to exercise universal jurisdiction

Answer 5

Amnesty specifically urged states to exercise universal jurisdiction, stating that “The international community should use all its influence and tools, including universal jurisdiction, against Russia to stop these heinous crimes under international law and ensure accountability”

Question 6

Exposing Russian unlawful transfers of Ukrainians Article

Answer 6

• In Nov. 2022 Amnesty exposed Russia’s unlawful transfers of Ukrainian through their article “Ukraine: Russian Authorities Forcibly Transferring Civilians.”
• Contributed as evidence to the ICC’s 2023 arrest warrant for Vladmir Putin.

Question 7

Impact of Interests on the Conflict

Answer 7

1. Keeping countries accountable –> Documentation –> Response of articles –> International law –> Doesn’t impact on conflict

• Has contributed to international laws such as the ICC arrest warrant for Vladmir Putin via Amnesty articles such as “Ukraine: Russian Authorities Forcibly Transferring Civilians” (November 2022).

2. Uphold international law –> Documentation and urging IGGs –> Little happens –> No impact