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Amoeba Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the intestinal amoebas?

A

Entamoeba: histolytica
hartmanni
coli
polecki

Endolimax nana

Iodamoeba butschlii

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2
Q

What are the extra-intestinal amoebas

Nemonic: NEA

A

Naegleria fowleri
E. gingivalis
Acanthamoeba species

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3
Q

Entamoeba - small karyosome near center of nucleus

Endolimax - large karyosome with achromatic threads

Iodamoeba - large karyosome rich in chromatin with a single layer of periendosomal granules

A

REMEMBER 👆

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4
Q

Amoeba cyst have?

Nemonic: GMC

A

Chromatoidal bars
Glycogen vacuoles
More than 1 nucleus (usually 4)
Ovoidal/round shape

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5
Q

Amoeba trophozoite have?

A 
Bacteria & food particles
RBC fragments
Pseudopods (motility) 
Only one nucleus
Irregular in shape
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6
Q

Considered as the pathogenic amoeba in humans?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

Entamoeba histolytica causes?

Nemonic: LAAA

A

Amoebiasis
Amoebic dysentery
Amoebic hepatitis
Liver abscess

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8
Q

Refers to the life cycle in which the cyst becomes a trophozoite?

A

Excystation

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9
Q

Refers to the life cycle in which the trophozoite becomes a cyst/precyst?

A

Encystastion

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10
Q

EXcystation of E. histolytica occurs in?

A

Duodenum

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11
Q

Maturation of metacystic trophozoite (E. coli) occurs in?

A

Cecum

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12
Q

Trophozoite parasite that has a ground glass appearance?

A

E. histolytica

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13
Q

What factor initiates ENcystation of E. histolytica?

A

Unfavorable environment

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14
Q

Considered as the small race of E. histolytica.

A

E. hartmanni

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15
Q

S/Sx of E. histolytica depends on?

A

Location of parasite to host

Extent of tissue invasion

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16
Q

What are the manifestations of Amebic colitis?

A 
Abdominal pain 
Blood and mucus in stool
Diarrhea
Cramping
Anorexia 
Flatulence
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17
Q

Acanthamoeba spp can cause?

Nemonic: MADS

A

Meningoencephalitic syndrome

Amoebic keratitis

Dissemination and granuloma formation

Skin lesions

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18
Q

The diagnostic morphology/ characteristics of acanthamoeba spp trophozoite.

A

Slender hyaline projections (acanthopods)

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19
Q

A disease characterized by severe unilateral pain, with stromal infiltrates of the cornea, recurrent corneal epithelial breakdown and has corneal lesions refractory to usual medications.

A parasitic disease associated with the use of contact lenses.

A

Amoebic keratitis

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20
Q

A parasitic disease characterized by necrotizing subacute or chronic granulomatous encephalitis with trophozoite and cyst present in inflammatory cells.

A

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis

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21
Q

True or false. Acanthamoeba spp is an opportunistic parasite to immunocompromised px.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

What is the treatment for Ancanthamoeba spp infection?

A

No treatment (trick question)

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23
Q

Corneal biopsy specimens for amoebic keratitis are stained with?

Clue: PAS

A

Giemsa or Periodic Acid Schiff

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24
Q

Naeglaria fowleri can cause?

Clue: PAM

A

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

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25
N. fowleri specimen can be obtained through?
CSF extraction
26
It is the only amoeba that has 3 morphologic form. Enumerate the 3 morphologic forms Nemonic: AFC
Naegleria fowleri Ameboid trophozoite Flagellates Cyst
27
Considered as the infective stage of N. fowleri that causes PAM (Primary Amoebic meningoencephalitis)?
Amoeboid trophozoite
28
What are the similarities morphologic characteristics of the 3 forms of N. fowleri?
1 nucleus Large central karyosome Peripheral chromatin absent Cytoplasm is granular with vacuoles
29
N. fowleri is commonly found in?
Contaminated warm bodies of water.
30
A parasitic disease that causes rapid tissue destruction in the brain followed by sx of meningitis.
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis
31
What parasitic form is present PAM (Primary Amoebic meningoencephalitis)?
Ameboid trophozoite
32
Defined as a diagnostic sign for meningitis in which px is unable to fully straighten leg when hip is flexed at 90 degrees because of hamstring stiffness.
Kernig sign
33
What is the treatment for N. fowleri?
Amphotericin B + Rifampicin & Miconazole
34
Px untreated with N. fowleri infection usually dies within?
3-6 days
35
What amoebas are similar to E. histolytica?
E. dispar & E. hartmanni
36
True or false Dientamoeba fragilis has trophozoite and cyst stage?
False, only trophozoite
37
What are the morphological characteristics of Dientamoeba fragilis?
``` Pseudopods (leaf like) Bacteria in food vacuoles Binucleated No RBC in cytoplasm Nuclear membrane has NO chromatin granules ```
38
What is the main habitat Dientamoeba fragilis?
Large intestine
39
A parasitic disease that causes low grade superficial irritation of the mucosa resulting in excess secretion of mucus, diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Dientamoebiasis/Hakansson's syndrome
40
What type of stool is E. histolytica trophozoites found?
Diarrhetic/Liquid stool/Desenteric
41
Stool specimen should be examined after how many minutes?
Within 30 mins
42
Preservatives used in preserving E. histolytica? Nemonic: MPS
Merrhiolate idodine formaldehyde Polyvinyl alchohol Schaudinn's fixative
43
What type of stool is E. histolytica cyst found?
Formed/Solid stool
44
Culture medium for E. histolytica
Dibasic medium of Beock DR bohlav
45
At what boiling point are E. histolytica cysts killed?
55 degrees
46
What are the characteristics of Amoebic dysentery? Nemonic: GRODA
Gelatinous mixture of blood, feces & mucus Relatively copious Offensive odor Dark red Acidic
47
True or false. E. gingivalis has both trophozoite and cyst stage.
False, only trophozoite.
48
What is the main habitat of E. gingivalis?
Mouth
49
What are the morphological characteristics of E. gingivalis?
Food vacuoles with partly digested leukocytes Has zone of demarcation between clear ectoplasm & granular endoplasm Has multiple pseudopodia Well defined karyosome near the nucleus Nuclear membrane closely packed with chromatin granules
50
What are the five stages of E. coli? Nemonic: CMMTP
Cyst Metacyst Metacystic trophozoite Trophozoite Precyst
51
How many nuclei does E. coli cyst usually have? Max?
8, 16
52
What are the characteristics of a E. coli cyst?
Eccentrically located karyosome No cytoplasmic inclusions
53
Where does E. coli undergo excystation?
Small intestine
54
Maturation of metacystic trophozoite to trophozoite (E. coli)
Large intestine
55
What are the morphological characteristics of E. coli troph?
in NSS it is colorless Endoplasm highly vacuolated Karyosome eccentrically large Nuclear membrane has coarse chromatin granules
56
When does E. coli undergo encystation?
When there are unfavorable conditions in the LARGE INTESTINE
57
Do precyst of E. coli have cytoplasmic inclusions? Yes or No? If yes what are they?
Yes Glycogen mass Chromatoidal rods REMEMBER: CYST has no cytoplasmic inclusions. ONLY PRECYST has inclusions
58
When does an E. coli cyst considered matured?
When it has 8 nuclei
59
True or false Endolimax nana has both trophozoite and cyst stage?
TRUE
60
What are the morphological characteristics of Endolimax nana TROPH
Has NARROW RIM of cytoplasm Subspherical nucleus with irregular nucleus. Cytoplasm is granular and vacuolated with bacteria
61
True or false. A mature Endolimax nana cyst has 1-2 nucleus.
False, 4 nuclei Immature: 1-2 Mature: 4
62
What are the morphological characteristics of Endolimax nana?
ill defined glycogen mass Small slightly curved chromatoidal bodies
63
What are the morphological characteristics of Iodamoeba butschlii TROPH?
Short and broad pseudopodia Clear ectoplasm Large Karyosome with achromatic eccentric granules on one side
64
True or false. Iodamoeba butschlii TROPH is found in formed stools.
False, Unformed/diarrhetic stool
65
What are the morphological characteristics of a Iodamoeba cyst? Guide: Ioda' sister has a large KID!
Large KIDNEY SHAPE glycogen vacuole Irregular pyriform Uninucleate/one nucleus

Parasitology (4 decks)

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