AMSCO Vocab Chapter 10

Question 1

geopolitics

Answer 1

the study of the effects of geography on politics and relations among states

Question 2

territoriality

Answer 2

a willingness by one person or a group of people to defend a space they claim

Question 3

Organic Theory

Answer 3

states need nourishment and living space to survive

Question 4

Heartland Theory

Answer 4

land-based power is essential in achieving global domination

Question 5

Rimland Theory

Answer 5

power is gotten from controlling maritime areas of the world

Question 6

defined boundary

Answer 6

established by a legal document such as a treaty that divides one side from another

Question 7

delimited boundary

Answer 7

a line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space

Question 8

demarcated boundary

Answer 8

one identified by physical objects placed on the landscape

Question 9

natural boundary

Answer 9

based on physical features to separate two sides

Question 10

geometric boundary

Answer 10

a straight line drawn by people that does not follow any physical feature closely

Question 11

cultural boundary

Answer 11

based on human traits or behavior

Question 12

definitional boundary disputes

Answer 12

when parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents that identify the boundary

Question 13

locational boundary disputes

Answer 13

disputes that center on where a boundary should be

Question 14

irredentism

Answer 14

when one country seeks to take over territory in another because it has ties to the population that live there

Question 15

operational boundary dispute

Answer 15

centers not on where a boundary is but how it functions

Question 16

allocational boundary dispute

Answer 16

when a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries

Question 17

antecedent boundary

Answer 17

drawn before a large population was present

Question 18

subsequent boundary

Answer 18

drawn to accommodate religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences

Question 19

relic boundary

Answer 19

boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape

Question 20

superimposed boundary

Answer 20

a boundary drawn by outside forces

Question 21

militarized boundary

Answer 21

boundary heavily guarded and discourages crossing and movement

Question 22

open boundary

Answer 22

a border where crossing is unrestricted

Question 23

United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea

Answer 23

defined four zones

Question 24

Territorial Sea (UNCLS)

Answer 24

up to 12 nautical miles of power; commercial vessels may pass, but non-commercial vessels may be challenged

Question 25

Contiguous Zone (UNCLS)

Answer 25

Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles, where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation

Question 26

Exclusive Economic Zone (UNCLS)

Answer 26

coastal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage up to 200 nautical miles

Question 27

High Seas

Answer 27

water beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone is open to all states

Question 28

electorate

Answer 28

leaders voted by citizens to govern on their behalf and they represent citizens

Question 29

census

Answer 29

a count of the population

Question 30

reapportionment

Answer 30

changing the number of representatives in each state so it reflects the state's population

Question 31

redistricting

Answer 31

drawing district boundaries so that district contains roughly the same number of people

Question 32

gerrymandering

Answer 32

the drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party or group in power to extend their advantage

Question 33

cracking

Answer 33

dispersing a group into several districts to prevent a minority

Question 34

packing

Answer 34

combining like-minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts

Question 35

stacking

Answer 35

diluting a minority populated district with majority populations

Question 36

hijacking

Answer 36

redrawing two districts in order to force two elected representatives of the same party to run against each other

Question 37

kidnapping

Answer 37

moving an area where an elected representatives has support to an area where he or she does not have support

Question 38

shatterbelt

Answer 38

a region that suffers instability because it is located between two very different regions

Question 39

morphology

Answer 39

a state's shape

Question 40

compact state

Answer 40

distance from the center does not significantly vary

Question 41

elongated state

Answer 41

difficult communication and travel

Question 42

prorupted state

Answer 42

compact area with an extension (like Thailand)

Question 43

perforated state

Answer 43

state that completely surrounds another state

Question 44

fragmented state

Answer 44

scattered (islands) from the core

Question 45

annexation

Answer 45

the process of legally adding territory to a city