an introduction to the human body

Question 1

what is one word to describe anatomy?

Answer 1

STRUCTURE
(describing how it looks)
ex. 2 atria in the heart
LV,RV etc.

Question 2

what is the gross structure?

Answer 2

structures without microscope , what does it look like??

Question 3

what is the systemic anatomy? think SYSTEM

Answer 3

goes by body systems
ex. cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular etc.

Question 4

what is regional anatomy?

Answer 4

goes by specific region
ex. thorax, head & neck etc.

Question 5

what is surface anatomy? how do we know the structure from the surface?

Answer 5

can determine by finger point what is located where w/no cutting or sx
i.e. abdomen, heart etc.

Question 6

what is radio graphic anatomy?

Answer 6

study area inside the x ray

Question 7

what is the black area of the x ray?

Answer 7

AIR

Question 8

what root word means lung?

Answer 8

PNEUM

Question 9

what is pneumothorax?

Answer 9

something that destroys double membrane in the lung
when air enters lung.
i.e. stab wound

Question 10

any white areas on x ray?

Answer 10

fluid !!!

Question 11

what is one word to describe physiology?

Answer 11

the FUNCTION
(how it works)
ex. the LV contracts to the aorta

Question 12

what is histology ?

Answer 12

study of normal tissue under the microscope
ex. looking under microscope
bx of heart —- normal

Question 13

what is pathology?

Answer 13

study of ABNORMAL tissue under the microscope w the eyes , study of DISEASE
can be at organ level or eye level
ex. surgeon sees white spots on x ray and he noticed an abnormal spot so he takes bx

Question 14

what is embryology?

Answer 14

during first month of development
zygote builds body

Question 15

what is pharmacology?

Answer 15

anything involving the drug
medication
study how it works and the mechanisms

Question 16

what is physiology?

Answer 16

branch of bio that deals w the functions, mechanisms and activities of organisms at the cellular or organ system level. how body parts work.

Question 17

what does pathophysiology mean?

Answer 17

how the normal tissue turns abnormal

Question 18

what is the most important area of physiology?

Answer 18

renal physiology (physiology of the kidney and electrolytes)

Question 19

what are the subdivisions of physiology?

Answer 19

neurophysiology, endocrinology, cardiovascular, immunology, respiratory, renal physiology, exercise physiology, pathophysiology

Question 20

what is applied biology?

Answer 20

study of the real-world applications of the life sciences

Question 21

what increases concentration of a substance?

Answer 21

the amount of molecules inside a cup of water/fluid
EX. adding more and more sugar to a cup of water

Question 22

if cup A has two spoons sugar and cup B has one spoon sugar, which one has more concentration?

Answer 22

cup A

Question 23

the concentration is the percentage of molecule to fluid. cup A has a lot of water and 2 spoon sugar. cup B has a little water but same amount 2 spoon sugar. which is more concentrated?

Answer 23

cup B —- has less fluid

Question 24

what is polyphesia?

Answer 24

eating a lot

Question 25

what is polyuria?

Answer 25

urinating a lot

Question 26

what is the role of the pancreas?

Answer 26

produces insulin

Question 27

what is the smallest unit of the unliving?

Answer 27

atoms

Question 28

what is the smallest unit of life?

Answer 28

cell ex. body, animal, plants

Question 29

how is a human formed?

Answer 29

from chemical level of cells > cellular level > molecule > tissue level > organ level > system level > organismal level

Question 30

what forms an organ?

Answer 30

multiple tissues together

Question 31

the cell that shaped the tissue should have similar shape and similar function

Question 32

multiple organs together form the system level

Question 33

cell > tissue > organ > system > multi system (human)

Question 34

what is metabolism?

Answer 34

all chemical processes in our body food turns into sugar , no exercise , it turns to fat anabolism : builds up catabolism: breaks down

Question 35

what is differentiation?

Answer 35

when one cell gives you two different cells ex. stem cells in bone marrow sperm & ovum = zygote multiplies

Question 36

break down homeostasis

Answer 36

homeo = like/similar stasis = condition or balance among various forces

Question 37

homeostasis

Answer 37

body’s ability to detect change , activate mechanisms to correct it, thereby maintain stable internal conditions maintenance of a stable and constant condition of the internal environment that is optimal for functioning ex. feel hot so you sweat

Question 38

what is anatomical position

Answer 38

subject stands erect , w the eyes looking forward and arms at the side, palms forward

Question 39

cranial

Answer 39

skull

Question 40

cubital

Answer 40

wrist

Question 41

patellar

Answer 41

front of knee

Question 42

orbital

Answer 42

eye

Question 43

thoracic

Answer 43

chest

Question 44

inguinal

Answer 44

groin

Question 45

metacarpal

Answer 45

hand/palm

Question 46

plantar

Answer 46

sole of foot

Question 47

buccal

Answer 47

cheek

Question 48

axillary

Answer 48

armpit

Question 49

femoral

Answer 49

thigh

Question 50

gluteal

Answer 50

buttock

Question 51

tarsal

Answer 51

ankle

Question 52

digital

Answer 52

toes

Question 53

what is medial ?

Answer 53

closer to midline sternum is medial to the heart

Question 54

what is lateral?

Answer 54

away from midline ex heart from the sternum

Question 55

what is proximal?

Answer 55

closer to limb

Question 56

what is distal?

Answer 56

further from limb

Question 57

what is caudal?

Answer 57

close to the bottom

Question 58

anterior or ventral

Answer 58

out from chest

Question 59

what is posterior/dorsal?

Answer 59

away from back

Question 60

superficial

Answer 60

toward the surface fat, lipid, fascia superficial fascia: outer layer of fascia : outer layer of fat

Question 61

deep

Answer 61

towards the core of the body

Question 62

saggital body plane

Answer 62

midline

Question 63

transverse body plane

Answer 63

horizontal

Question 64

frontal

Answer 64

coronal

Question 65

what is the line dividing the upper and lower quadrants called?

Answer 65

cartilage it is called sub coastal line

Question 66

what line divides from the stomach to the pelvis region?

Answer 66

transtubercular line

Question 67

how many abdomino pelvic regions are there?

Answer 67

9

Question 68

abdominopelvic quadrants where do the vertical and horizontal lines pass?

Answer 68

through umbilicus

Question 69

what lines divide the abdomen into vertical lines?

Answer 69

midclavicular lines

Question 70

where is the vertebral cavity located?

Answer 70

near neck

Question 71

how does brain not get injured from trauma?

Answer 71

serous membrane surrounding it double layer

Question 72

what does the visceral layer do?

Answer 72

covers the organs within the cavities towards the outside

Question 73

what does the parietal layer do?

Answer 73

lines the cavity walls inside

Question 74

lungs?

Answer 74

pleural

Question 75

air in the pluera?

Answer 75

pneumothorax

Question 76

fluid in pluera?

Answer 76

pleural effusion

Question 77

what is inspection in the non invasive diagnostic technique ?

Answer 77

look for anything looks abnormal ex. discoloration, swelling etc.

Question 78

what is palpitation for non invasive diagnostic technique?

Answer 78

feeling body surfaces w hands to detect abnormality

Question 79

what is auscultation?

Answer 79

listening to body sounds to evaluate functions

Question 80

symptom vs sign?

Answer 80

symptom pt complaint sign what dr. sees and observes

Question 81

what is percussion diagnostic technique?

Answer 81

placing left hand on body and tapping w other hand middle finger fluid gives dull sounds vs air

Question 82

what is radionuclide scanning?

Answer 82

giving radioactive substance in an IV (SPECT)

Question 83

what is PET scan?

Answer 83

injecting substance emitting positively charged particles into the body

Question 84

laparoscopy does what?

Answer 84

study organs in abdominopelvic organs