Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Microytic hypochromic

A

Iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Macrocytic anemia

A

Megaloblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

B12 and folic deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Deficiency in intrinsic factor synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Other forms of Deficiency can arise as?

A

Deficiency in blood lineages

Radiation and Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What three proteins are iron bound to

A

Heme

Transferrin

Ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Transferrin

A

Iron transport protein in the plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ferritin

A

Iron storage protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most cause for iron deficiency

A

Menses

Vegetarian

Malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who need iron the most

A

Children

Pregnant women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or false: Excessive iron levels are toxic

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is excessive iron regulated

A

Modulation in intestinal regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two organs absorb iron

A

Intestine and heme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why what mechanism is iron transferred into the blood

A

Active transport via ferroportin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is iron transported to for hemoglobin synthesis

A

Erythrocytes precursors of the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is iron stored

A

Liver (major)

Heart

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is senescent RBC recycled

A

Through macrophages. They recover its iron and export or store it as ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hepcidin

A

Liver inhibitory protein released in high iron levels to inhibit ferroportin, decreasing iron absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Low hepatocyte iron or increased erythroferron

A

Inhibit hepcidin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the only indication for iron administration

A

Iron deficiency in anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the dietary iron supplement used as a replacement therapy

A

Ferrous sulfate

Ferrous gluconate

Ferrous fumerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is used in special cases of anemia

A

Parenteral administration

Iron dextran

Sodium ferric gluconate complex

Iron sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a nanotechnology based iron treatment

A

Ferumoxytyl

Ferric carboxymaltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the common toxicity

A

Children via accidental over dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hemochromatosis
Excessive iron that damage iron storage organs
26
Which patients are at risk of hemochromatosis
Inherited abnormality of iron absorption Frequent transfusion (thalassemia)
27
Which iron chelator is used in acute iron toxicity
Parenteral Deferoxamine
28
Which is used in chronic toxicity caused by hemochromatosis
Parenteral defroxamine Oral defriprone Oral iron chelator defasirox
29
Which iron antidote causes thrombocytopenia
Deferiprone
30
Which iron antidote causes hepatic and renal toxicity
Deferasirox
31
What is the role of B12 and what cofactor is needed
DNA synthesis Folic acid
32
B12 or folic deficiency will manifest as? Why?
Anemia RBC is synthesized continuously
33
What produces B12
Bacteria
34
What is required for B12 absorption in the intestine
Intrinsic factor
35
Where is intrinsic factor made
Parietal cells
36
What are the two forms of B12
Cyanocobalamin Hydroxycobalamin (longer circulating half life)
37
Transcobalamin
B12 transport protein in plasma
38
Where is B12 stored
Liver
39
What two reactions requires B12?
Conversion of methmalonyl-CoA to Succinyl-CoA Conversion of homocysteine to methionine
40
What reaction is linked to folic acid and synthesis of dTMP
Conversion of homocysteine to methionine
41
What is dTMP
Precursor for DNA synthesis
42
What happens to folate in B12 deficiency and with what results?
Folate accumulate as N-methyltetrahydrofolate Depleting tetrahydrofolate supply Reducing RBC production
43
What is the benefit of exogenous folate and what can it not help with
Helps refill tetrhydrofolate pool in patient with B12 deficiency Cannot help with neurological defects associated with B12 anemia
44
How is B12 anemia via ineadequate absorption dealt with
Parenteral B12
45
Deficiency in folate leads to what type of anemia and why?
Megaloblastic anemia because it helps in DNA synthesis
46
Deficiency of folate during pregnancy causes
Neural birth defects
47
True or false: There is a lot of storage folate in the body
False
48
Which cells are sensitive to folate deficiency and how is folate used in this regard
Rapidly dividing cells Antifolate used in cancer therapy
49
What is Erythropoietin
Protein that activates RBC production and increase release from bone marrow
50
Where is erythropoietin produced
Kidney
51
When is it routinely used
Anemia associated with renal failure
52
What should you know about erythropoietin use as a therapy
Administered 2-3 times weekly Require adequate iron storage Use in cancer is ineffective
53
What are the toxicity of therapeutic erythropoietin at high doses
HTN Stroke Heart attack
54
What is the glycosylated form of erythropoietin and frequency of administration
Darbepoietin Alfa-sialic acid Once weekly
55
What is the peg conjugated erythropoietin and frequency of dosing
Methoxy-peg-poietin Once monthly
56
Fusion protein that inhibit SMAD
Lupatercept
57
What is SMAD
Blocks RBC differentiation and maturation to prevent defective RBC maturing and circulating in Thalassemia
58
What is the benefit of lupatercept
Increase serum Hgb levels Decrease need for transfusion
59
What type of medication is filgrastim
G-CSF used to stimulate neutrophil production
60
What is filgrastim dosing frequency
Daily injection
61
Which patient is filgristim administered
Chemotherapy Renal transplantation Collect hemopoietic stem cells from donors
62
What is the dosing frequency of pegfilgrastimn
Once per chemo cycle
63
Which granulocyte growth promoter is a GM-CSF
Sargramostim
64
What is the function off sargramostim
Increase granulocyte and macrophage, RBC and platelet precursor
65
What toxicity are associated with sargramostim
Joint and capillary damage with edema Fever
66
Which platelet growth promoter is an IL-11
Oprelvekin
67
What is the function of oprelvekin
Increase platelet activity in thrombocytopenia patients
68
What is the toxicity of oprelvekin
Fluid accumulation in lungs
69
Which platelet growth promoter is a peptide hooked to the fc portion of IgG
Romiplostim
70
What is the benefit of the IgG attachment by romiplostin
Extends half of life IgG to 3 days
71
True/False: The peptide romiplostim has homology to natural human Thrombopoietin
False
72
What is the pharmacological benefit of romiplostim
Decrease bleeding events in patients with thrombocytopenia purpura. Less toxicity than agent in this class
73
Which platelet growth promoter is an oral agent that binds to thrombopoietin receptor
Eltrombopag / avatrombopag
74
What is the pharmacology function of eltrombopag
Increase number and maturation o platelets
75
Which has liver toxicity and which was developed for liver disease patient
Eltrombopag Avatrombopag
76
Which drug is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Fostaminib
77
What is the pharmacology function of fosataminib
Decrease macrophage destruction of platelet in spleen which is enhanced in patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
78
Hydroxyurea in sickle cell anemia
Increase fetal hemoglobin synthesis Less RBC malformation Increasing RBC oxygen delivery
79
Voxelotor in sickle cell anemia
Binds to globin and increase affinity of altered hemoglobin for oxygen Reduces globin polymerization and increase semm serum hemoglobin levels

Pharmacology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions