Anaemia Intro Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anaemia Intro Deck (12)
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1
Q

Normal Haemoglobin Values

A

Men: 135g/l

women 120g/l

2
Q

General symptoms of anaemia

A
Fatigue
Palpitations
Dyspnoea 
Faintness 
Headach
Tinitus
3
Q

General Signs of Anaemia

A

Pallor
Hyperdynamic Circulation - Tachy, Flow murmur, Cardiomegaly
Ankle Swelling and potentially Heart Failure

4
Q

Define Microcytic Anaemia

A

Abnormally small RBC on blood smear

5
Q

What might cause a microcytic anaemia

A

Haem abnormalities - IDA/Anaemia of chronic disease/lead poisoning

Globin Abnormalities - Thalassaemia

6
Q

Define Normocytic Anaemia

A

RBC are a normal size and so anaemia is caused by a lack of number.

7
Q

What might cause a normocytic anaemia

A
Blood Loss
Bone marrow failure
Renal Failure
Early Anaemia of chronic disease 
Pregnancy creates a physiological normocytic anaemia
8
Q

Define Macrocytic Anaemia

A

Abnormally large RBC but carrying decreased levels of Hb

9
Q

What might cause a Macrocytic anaemia

A

Megaloblastic

Vit B12/Folate deficiency
Anti-folate drugs: Methotrexate and phenytoin

Non-Megaloblastic

Reticulocytosis
Alcoholism/Liver Disease
Myelodysplasia

10
Q

Define Haemolytic anaemia

A

Haemolysis (splitting) of RBC

Can be split into extravascular and intravascular

11
Q

What are the mechanisms of haemolytic anaemia

A

increased rate of destruction –> decreased Hb –> compensatory bone marrow –> reticulocytes

Increased rate of breakdown –> increased billiruben –> increased urobillinogen –> increased LDH –> Bile pigment Stones

12
Q

signs of intravascular versus extravascular

A

Intravascular

Hb - aemia
Hb - uria
Decrease serum Hepatoglobins

Extravascular – Splenomegaly