Anaerobes!

Question 1

How to tell the difference between Clostridium spp, Bacillus spp, and Lactobacillus spp.?

Answer 1

Clostridium spp are anaerobes and catalase neg

Bacillus are aerobes and catalase pos

Lactobacillus do not form spores

Question 2

what two things does C. diff cause?

Answer 2

antibiotic associated diarrhea and pseudomenrabous colitis

Question 3

what is the test to see if C. diff has the enterotoxin (toxin A) and cytotoxin (toxin B)? (

Answer 3

cytotoxicity test
- toxin B detected by cytopathic effect: the toxin makes long fibroblasts round
- other tube has toxin B antitoxin that will neutralize the toxin for comparison to confirm a true pos result

Question 4

C. botulinum causes what kinds of botulism?

Answer 4

has a neurotoxin
- foodbourne botulism
- wound botulism
- infant botulism (from lack of normal intestinal flora that fight off C. botulinum

Question 5

Clostridium septicum causes _____ _____ _________. It’s colonies _____ and have a _____-head appearance

Answer 5

large bowel carcinoma
(as well as leukemias and lymphomas)

swarming colonies with medusa-head appearance

Question 6

C. tetani causes _______. It has what morphology on an agar and what kind of gram stain morphology

Answer 6

tetanus (lockjaw)

swarming on agar

drumstick/tennis racket (GPB with terminal spores)

Question 7

Actinomyces is gram ______ bacilli that do not form _________. What people have a chance of obtaining actinomycosis? What is a key feature of this organism?

Answer 7

gram pos bacilli with NO spores

Women with IUDs

Actinomyces has sulfur granules

Question 8

young actinomyces have what kind of colony morphology on a anaBAP? What about older colonies?

Answer 8

young: spider-like or woolly

older: molar-tooth or raspberry

Question 9

what anaerobe stains gram neg (curved bacilli) but has gram pos cell wall components? What two diseases can this organism cause?

Answer 9

Mobiluncus spp. can cause bacterial vaginosis and also PID

Question 10

Propionibacterium spp are also called anaerobic _________ due to their gram stain. Though commonly considered ________, this species can infect what kind of medical devices?

Answer 10

“anaerobic dipheroids” due to gram pos palisade rods like Coryne spp.

usually contaminates, but they can infect prosthetic heart valves

Question 11

what is the only (significant) anaerobic gram pos cocci? What is the test to ID it?

Answer 11

Peptostreptococcus ID is by SPS
- with the exception of P. asaccharolyticus, which is SPS resistant and indole pos

Question 12

bactericides fragilis grows on what agar and turns it what color? What tests are used to ID B. fragilis?

Answer 12

turns BBE agar brown to black

resistant to:
- bile
- Kanamycin
- Vancomycin
- Colstin

Question 13

Bacteroides ureolyticus is susceptible to all gram neg tests except? What does it require for growth, and what does it do to agar media?

Answer 13

resistant to vancomycin only

needs formate-fumarate to grow

pits agars

Question 14

Prevotella spp is resistant to what two things, and susceptible to what one thing?

Answer 14

R: Kanamycin and Vancomycin

S: bile

V: colistin

Question 15

pigmented spp. of prevotella fluoresce what colors? What about the non-pigmented kind?

Answer 15

pigmented: brown to black or red

non pigmented: pink, orange, chartreuse

Question 16

porphyromonas spp. is susceptible to what two things, and resistant to what two things? What differs it from Prevotella? What additional test is it pos for?

Answer 16

S: bile and vancomycin (where Prevotella is vancomycin resistant)

R: kanamycin and colistin

indole pos

Question 17

All fusibacterium are susceptible to what two things, and resistant to what one thing?

Answer 17

S: Kanamycin and colistin
R: vancomycin

Question 18

F. mortiferum-varium is _______ resistant while F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum are susceptible

Answer 18

bile

Question 19

F. varium have what colony morphology appearance?

Answer 19

fried egg

Question 20

F. necrophilum is lipase _____

Answer 20

positive

Question 21

Bilophila wadsworthia (pleomorphic gram neg rods) loves ______ just like B. fragilis. It produces ___, and needs what else to stimulate growth?

Answer 21

bile

makes H2S

needs pyruvate for growth

Question 22

Unlike Bacteroides spp., B. wadsworthia is susceptible to _____ and _________

Answer 22

kanamycin and colistin

Question 23

Vellonella spp. are the only significant gram neg ______. It is resistant to only _______, and it is ______ pos

Answer 23

gram neg cocci (small)

resistant to only vancomycin

nitrate pos

Question 24

what is the only anaerobe that is susceptible to vancomycin?

Answer 24

Porphyromonas spp.

Question 25

F. mortiferum has _______ ______ gram stain morphology

Answer 25

bizarre filaments