Anaerobes Lecture pt 2

Question 1

all clostridia can form ______. What is a test that looks for these when they can’t be seen microscopically?

Answer 1

spores

ethanol spore test: kills off bacteria without spores

Question 2

how to tell the difference between Clostridium spp, Bacillius spp., and Lactobacillus spp.?

Answer 2

Lacto will have no spores

bacillus and clostridium have spores but bacillus spp. are catalase neg while clostridium is catalase pos

Question 3

what is the gram stain for C. perfringens? Does it have spores? What kind of hemolysis does it have, and what kind of toxin does it make?

Answer 3

• gram pos boxcars
• spores super rare to see
• double zone of hemolysis (reverse CAMP pos)
• enterotoxin-porducing

Question 4

what disease is C. perfringens known to cause?

Answer 4

Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

Question 5

what kinds of toxins are made by C. diff, and what does cytopathic effect on human fibroblast cells detect?

What does the latex agglutination test detect in C. diff?

Answer 5

has enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B toxins, where CPE looks for toxin B

latex agglutination detects glutamate dehydrogenase

Question 6

what is the agar for C. diff, what do the colonies look like on this agar, and does this bacteria produce spores?

Answer 6

makes ground glass colonies on CCFA agar (and it smells like horse manure)

spores are readily produced

Question 7

what are the one disease that C. diff is known to cause?

Answer 7

pseudomembranous colitis (colon has membrane-like lesions)

Question 8

why is C. diff associated with antibiotic-related diarrhea?

Answer 8

antibiotics can kill good bacteria in the gut, and the C. diff then goes wild and can cause serious diarrhea

Question 9

C. botulinum cause what?

Answer 9

botulism – flaccid paralysis (loss of muscle tone)

Question 10

what are the three kinds of botulinum?

Answer 10

1. food-borne: toxin ingested
2. infant: spores ingested (honey)
3. wound: toxin produced at wound site

Question 11

what spp. of anaerobes have gram pos rods with swarming morphology and medusa-head appearance? What condition(s) is it associated with?

Answer 11

Clostridium septicum
- heart valve problems and associated with cancer (leukemia/lymphoma/large bowel)

Question 12

What is the gram stain for C. tetani, where is it found, and what condition does it cause?

Answer 12

gram pos rods with drumstick/tennis racket appearance

found in the soil (stepping on a nail) or intestines of animals

causes tetanus (lockjaw): muscle spasms

Question 13

Clostridium spp. are usually _____ pos, but C. perfringens is neg

Answer 13

motility

Question 14

what is the gram stain of actinomycetes? What does this organism make that is characteristic to it?

Answer 14

gram stain: branching, beaded gram pos bacilli

contain sulfur granules

Question 15

what do actinomyces look like on a agar plate (young and old colonies)? What are the reactions to indole, catalase, and nitrate?

Answer 15

young: spider-like/wooly
older: molar tooth appearance

Indole and catalase neg
Nitrate pos

Question 16

actinomycosis often affects what area of the human?

Answer 16

women with IUDs have and increased risk of pelvic actinomycosis

Question 17

what bacteria spp. look pleomorphic, or coccoid, club-shaped, or bifurcated? Does this bacteria cause disease, and if so, when?

Answer 17

Bifidobacterium spp. rarely cause disease, but B. dentium is. potential cause of pulmonary anaerobic infections

Question 18

what bacteria spp.’s growth is stimulated by arginine?

Answer 18

Eubacterium lentum

Question 19

Lactobacillus spp. are usually ____________ _________, but some are true _________. What is the presumptive ID for this spp., and what do they produce as their major end product?

Answer 19

usually facultative anaerobes, but some are true anaerobes, They are gram pos bacilli in chains, and if catalase neg and non-motile, can be IDed as Lacto. Make lactic acid as their major end product.

Question 20

what diseases does mobiluncus spp cause?

Answer 20

bacteremia, pelvic inflammatory disease, abscesses, and bacterial vaginosis

Question 21

what spp of bacteria are called “anaerobic diphtheroids” based on their gram stain (gram pos pleomorphic bacilli)? What may this bacteria infect?

Answer 21

Propionibacterium spp. may infect prosthetic devices

Question 22

what are the two tests (aside from the gram stain) that will presumptively ID Propionibacterium acnes?

Answer 22

catalase and indole pos

Question 23

what is Peptostreptococcus anaerobius susceptible to that P. asaccharolyticus isn’t that separates the two from each other?

Answer 23

P. anaerobius is SPS susceptible while P. asaccharolyticus is not (and is indole pos)

Question 24

what bacteria spp. are non-motile, gram negative rods with pleomorphic ends?

Answer 24

bacteroides spp.

Question 24

Prevotella spp. are commonly isolated from the ____ _______

Answer 24

oral cavity

Question 25

pigmented prevotella (stain dark brown to black) are penicillin _________. What are the two most common types of pigmented Prevotella

Answer 25

susceptible P. melinogenica and P. intermedia (but are not always susceptible to penicillin)

Question 26

colonies of non-pigminted prevotella can fluoresce what colors?

Answer 26

pink, orange, and chartreuse

Question 27

what are pigmented and non pigmented kinds of prevotella

Answer 27

pigmented: melinogenica, intermedia, corpis, denticola, loescheii non pigmented: bivia, buccae, disiens, oralis, and oris

Question 28

porphyromonas spp. fluoresce what color under a woods lamp, and what plate will it not grow on?

Answer 28

glow brick red and will not grow on a KV plate

Question 29

Porphyromonas spp. are _________ and require what two things for growth?

Answer 29

they're fastidious and require hemin and vitamin K

Question 30

fusobacterium are normal flora of the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract, and they cause what kinds of diseases?

Answer 30

pulmonary infections, lung and brain abscesses, and chronic sinusitis

Question 31

Fusobacterium nucleatum is characteristically what on agar plates? What are the three ID tests for it?

Answer 31

makes bread crumb, smooth, ground glass, or speckled colonies bile susceptible, indole pos, and lipase neg

Question 32

what color does F. necrophorum fluoresce when exposed to UV light, and what test differentiates it from F. nucleatum? What disease can it cause?

Answer 32

glows chartreuse and is lipase pos can cause liver abscesses

Question 33

what colony morphology has a fried egg appearance? What is its reaction to rifampin?

Answer 33

F. varium has the fried egg appearance, and it's resistant to rifampin

Question 34

what test will differentiate between Bilophila wadsworthia and Fusobacterium varium/mortiferum?

Answer 34

B. wadsworthia is nitrate pos while Fusobacterium spp. is nitrate neg

Question 35

what is the only kind of anaerobic gram negative cocci?

Answer 35

Veilonella spp.