Anaesthetic equipment Flashcards
(54 cards)
Which 5 pieces of equipment are needed for anaesthesia?
- Anaesthetic machine
- Anaesthetic breathing systems
- Endotracheal tubes
- Scavenger
- Calculator
What is the general aim of anaesthesia?
To ensure your patient is in a state of controlled unconsciousness
with associated analgesia and muscle relaxation
What are the 5 stages of anaesthesia?
- Pre-operative assessment
- Premedication
- Induction of anaesthesia
- Maintenance of anaesthesia
- Recovery from anaesthesia
What are the aims of premedication?
- Reduce anxiety
- Ease handling of the patient
- Smooth induction
- Smooth maintenance
- Smooth recovery
- Reduce the dose of anaesthetic drugs required
- Provide pre-emptive analgesia
Following premedication, anaesthesia of patients in veterinary practice generally involves the use of which two different agents?
- Injectable e.g. propofol
- Inhalation e.g. isoflurane
Which period is associated with the greatest risk of morbidity and mortality in anaesthesia?
Recovery period
What are the 3 functions of breathing systems?
- Deliver anaesthetic vapour
- Deliver oxygen
- Remove carbon dioxide
What are the two major types of breathing systems?
Rebreathing systems
Non-rebreathing systems
Describe a rebreathing system
- Allow the patient to rebreathe expired gas
- CO2 must be extracted before the patient rebreathes this gas
- Economical
- High resistance
- Suitable for patients over 15Kg
Describe a non-rebreathing system
- Don’t allow the patient to rebreathe expired gas
- Utilise a high fresh gas flow rate
- Suitable for patients less than 25Kg
What are the 5 principle components of a breathing system?
- Adaptor to connect to an ET tube
- Expiratory valve
- Reservoir bag
- Fresh gas tubing
- Expired gas tubing
What is the function of the expiratory valve?
Allows expired gas to exit the breathing system once the pressure in the system exceeds a certain level and prevents the animal rebreathing expired air.
What is the function of the reservoir bag?
Allows us to undertake intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) should the patient stop breathing
What should the capacity of the reservoir bag be?
Twice the normal tidal volume of the patient
What is present in the canister to react with expired CO2?
Soda lime
What are the 5 principle components of the anaesthetic machine?
- Fresh gas supply
- Flowmeter with bypass valve
- Vaporiser
- Breathing system with pressure relief valve
- Scavenging system
How is the anaesthetic machine designed to ensure that the correct gases enter the correct piping of the machine?
Gas cylinders are connected to the machine using a connector - these are designed so only one type of cylinder can connect to it
What is controlled by the flow meter?
The flow of gas (oxygen and anaesthetic gas) to the patient
What is the function of the vapouriser?
Mixes an appropriate level of inhalational agent with O2 in order to maintain anaesthesia
The amount of inhalational agent delivered by the vaporiser is measured as what?
A percentage so turning the dial on the vaporiser to 1 means the fresh gas delivered to the patient will be 1% inhalational agent and 99% O2
What is a scavenger system?
Removes exhaled gases from the vet’s environment
What is found within a scavenger canister?
Activated charcoal which removes organic gases
The scavenger has limited capacity so how can the efficacy be ensured?
By weighing daily
The Magill system consists of which 4 principle components of breathing systems?
- Connector to an ET tube
- Expiratory valve
- Reservoir bag
- Single tubing: expired and fresh are in the same tube
