Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho/Pharm > Analgesics > Flashcards

Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

Analgesics

A

medication that relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Opioid Analgesics

A

moderate to severe pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adjuvant Analgesics

A

drugs or chemicals added to drug regimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Opioid (common names)

A

codeine, fentanyl, morphine sulfate, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Opioid (mild agonists)

A

codeine, hydrocodone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Opioid (strong agonists)

A

morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, meperidine, fentanyl and methadone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Meriperidine (adverse effects)

A

not recommended long term because of accumulation of neurotoxic metabolite
normeperidine, which can cause seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Opioid (indications)

A

moderate to severe pain
often given with adjuvant analgesic drugs to assist primary drugs with pain relief
also for: cough suppression, treatment of diarrhea, balanced anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Opiod (contraindications)

A

do not take it with allergy
severe asthma
use with caution with:
- respiratory insufficiency
-elevated intracranial pressure
- morbid obesity or sleep apnea
- paralytic ileua
- pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Opioid (adverse effects)

A
  • black box warning: risk of misuse and abuse leading to addiction and death
  • itching, pruritis, rash
  • peripheral arteries and veins dilate
  • CNS depression
  • n/v
  • urinary retention
  • pupil constriction
  • constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Opioid (withdrawal)

A

anxiety, irritability, chills and hot flashes, joint pain, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Opioid (interaction)

A
  • alcohol
  • antihistamines
  • barbituates,
  • benzodiazepines (black box warning for combined effects can sedate or hypotension)
  • monoamine oxidase inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Codeine sulfate

A
  • opioid agonist
  • natural opiate alkaloid (schedule II) obtained from opium
  • less effective
  • celeling effect
  • often combined with acetaminophen (schedule III)
  • commonly used as atitussive drug (cough medicine/suppressant)
  • most common adverse effect (GI disturbance)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fentanyl

A
  • synthetic opioid (schedule II) used to treat moderate to severe pain
  • parenteral injections, transdermal patches (duragesic), buccal lozenges (fentora) and buccal lozenges on stick (actiq)
  • 0.1 mg iv of fentanyl is = to 10 mg of morphine IV
  • fentanyl patch used for chronic pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

A
  • very potent, Schedule II drug
  • 1 mg of IV or IM hydromorphone is equivalent to 7 mg of morphine
  • Exalgo: osmotic extended-release oral deliver. difficult to crush or extract for injection which aids in reducing abuse potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Meperidine

A

-synthetic opiod anagesic (schedule II)
- caustion with elderly or with kidney disfunction
- rarely used and not recommended
- use migrane treatment
- post-op shivering

17
Q

Methadone Hydrocholride (Dolophine)

A

Schedule II, synthetic
- choice for detoxification treatment of opioid addicts in methadone maintenance programs
- prolonged half-life of the drug: cause of unintentional overdoses and deaths
- can cause cardiac dysrhythmias

18
Q

Morphine Sulfate

A
  • naturally occurring alkaloid derived from opioid poppy
    -drug prototype for all opioid drugs: schedule II
  • indication: severe pain
  • high abuse potential
  • oral, injectable, rectal, dosage forms also extended-release
  • embeda: morphine and naltrexone is the newest morphine product
19
Q

Oxycodone hydrochloride

A
  • only given po
  • class II
  • compare analgesic activity to morphine
  • often combined with acetaminophen (Percocet) or with aspirin (Percodan)
  • IR and SR
  • hydrocodone (weaker often combines with acetaminophen (Vicodin, Norco)
  • widely abused
20
Q

Opioid Overdose

A
  • naloxone (Narcan; received intranasally)
  • naltrexone (ReVia)
  • regardless of withdrawal symptoms, when in severe respiratory depression, the patient should be given an opioid antagonist
21
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan)

A

-PURE opioid antagonist
- drug of choice for the complete or partial reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression
- indicated in cases of suspected acute opioid overdose
- failure of the drug to significantly reverse the effects of the presumed opioid overdose indicated that the condition may not be related to opioid overdose.

21
Q

Tramadol Hydrochloride (Ultram)

A
  • centrally acting analgesic with a dual mechanism of action. weak bond to mu-opioid receptors. inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
  • not classified as a controlled substance
  • indicated for moderate to moderately severe pain
  • adverse effects similar to those of opioids
  • careful use in patients taking SSRIs, MAOIs, neuroleptics
21
Q

Naltrexone

A

-opioid antagonist
- oral form
- used for alcohol and opioid addiction

22
Q

Acetampinophen

A

analgesic and antipyretic effects
- little to no antiinflammatory effects
- available OTC and in combination products with opioids

23
Q

Acetaminophen (Dosage)

A
  • maximum in adults 3000 mg/day
  • maximum in older adults or liver disease 2000 mg/day
  • inadvertent excessive doses may happen when different combination drug products are taken together
  • may be present in other meds, be aware of acetaminophen content
24
Q

Acetaminophen (contraindications)

A
  • drug allergy
  • liver dysfunction
  • possible liver failure
  • G6PD deficiency
  • dangerous interaction may occur if taken with alcohol or other drugs that are hepatotoxic
25
Q

Acetaminophen (Toxicity)

A
  • lethal when overdoses
  • overdose can cause hepatic necrosis: hepatotoxicity
  • long-term ingestion of large doses also causes nephropathy
  • Antidote: acetylcysteine regimen
26
Q

Lidocaine (transdermal)

A

-topical anesthetic
- indications: postherpetic neuralgia
-left in place no longer than 12 hours (r/t potential systemic absorption and cardiac events)
-minimal adverse effects (skin irritation)

27
Q

Feverfew

A
  • related to the Marigold family
  • antiinflammatory properties
  • used to treat migraine headaches, menstrual cramps, inflammation and fever
  • may cause GI distress, altered taste, muscle stiffness
  • may interact with aspirin and other NSAIDs, as well as anticoagulants

Patho/Pharm (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions