Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patho/Pharm > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

(106 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Effect of Antibiotics on Oral Contraceptive Use

A

Decreases effectiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Superinfection

A

infection as a result of decreased normal flora from antibiotic use
ex: C.diff & oral/vaginal yeast
Symptoms: fever, lethargy, mouth sores, perineal itching, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotics

A

have a beta-lactam ring as part of their structure
Includes: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If a bacteria has Beta Lactamases

A

it is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, it is an acquired resistance
ex: ESBL(extended spectrum beta-lactamases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When administering antibiotics consider

A
  • give with correct food/fluids
  • do not give antibiotics with antiacids, iron products, calcium supplements, laxatives containing magnesium, antilipemic drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a normal Creatine Level

A

1; very specific for renal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should BUN be at

A

10-20; indicates renal failure, but can be high for other reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sulfonamides (common names)

A

usually combines with other antibiotics
- sulfamethoxazole
- trimethoprim (Bactrim)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sulfanomides (organisms affected)

A

Bacteriostatic med
gram - & gram +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sulfonamides (indication)

A

UTI, outpatient, staph, respiratory tract infection, prophylaxis for HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sulfonamides (contraindication)

A
  • do not use with known allergies
  • Celebrex should not be taken by patients with sulfa allergy
  • not for pregnant women at term or infant <2 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sulfonamides (nursing considerations)

A
  • increase fluid intake (med concentrates in kidneys which is good for UTI but can cause crystalluria)
  • don’t give with sulfonylureas, phenytoin, warfarin
  • assess skin, renal and liver function during administration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sulfonamides (adverse effects)

A
  • Hypersensitivity (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
  • delayed allergic reaction (may react weeks after)
  • photosensitivity (avoid prolonged sun exposure)
  • liver and renal toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Penicillin (common names)

A

amoxicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin, Penicillin G, Penicillin V
in some combinations (piperacillin/tazobactam (zosyn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Penicillin (microorganisms affected)

A

bacteriocidal
gram +
limited gram -; except extended run penicillins (zosyn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Penicillin (indications)

A

infectious from
streptococcus
enterococcus
staphylococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Penicillin (contraindication)

A

do not use with known drug allergies
cross-reaction with cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Penicillin (nursing considerations)

A
  • increases the effectiveness of warfarin and methotrexate
  • Penicillin G contains potassium
  • take with 6oz of water (not juice)
  • give in large muscle if IM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Penicillin (adverse effects)

A

uticaria, pruitis, angiodema
stevens-johnson syndrome
nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, hypernatremia, alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cephalosporins (common names)

A

1st: cephalexin (keflex), cefazolin (ancef)
2nd: cefprozil
3rd: cefdinir, ceftriaxone (rocephin), cefotaxime, ceftazidime (fortaz) (potent gram -)
4th: cefepime
5th: ceftaroline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cephalosporins (microorganism affected)

A

bacteriocidal
Broad spectrum
1st: gram +
2nd: gram + & gram -
3rd: gram -
4th: gram + & gram -
5th: gram + & gram -

as generation increases, gram + coverage decreases, and gram - increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cephalosporins (indications)

A

gram + and gram - infections
ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 93% protein-bound, one dose could kill some infections
treats meningitis (crosses the BBB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cephalosporins (nursing considerations)

A

do not use with known allergy
avoid alcohol
antibacterial activity increases from 1st to 4th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cephalosporins (adverse reactions)

A

allergic: diarrhea/nausea/vomiting
neutropenia (low WBCs)
bleeding
each class has own side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Carbapenems (common names)
imipenem/cisplatin, etrapenem doripenem, meropenem all end in -enem
26
Carbapenems (microorganisms affected)
bactericidal broadest antibacterial action of any antibiotic
27
Carbapenems (indications)
body cavity infections/connective tissue infections/bone infections in acutely ill hospitalized patients meropenem cross the BBB used for meningitis
28
Carbapenems (nursing considerations)
infuse over 60 minutes small cross-reaction with penicillin- do not give to patients with anaphylactic reactions to PCN
29
Carbapenems (adverse effects)
drug induced seizure GI upset thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
30
Macrolides (common name)
azithromycin clarithromycin erythromycin
31
Macrolides (microorganism affected)
bacteriostatic in large doses bacteriocidal broad spectrum
32
Macrolides (indications)
strep, syphilis, Lyme disease, gonorrhea, chlamydia, some new macrolides treat C.diff
33
Macrolides (Nursing Considerations)
do not use if allergic highly protein-bound and metabolized through the liver do not give with carbamazepine, cyclosporine, theophylline, warfarin Do not give with juice
34
Macrolides (Adverse Effects)
- GI symptoms, chest pain - EKG changes (prolonged Q-T segment) - allergic reaction - tinnitus, abnormal liver function
35
Prolonged QT interval (segment) could cause
increased risk for dysrhythmias that could be lethal
36
Tetracyclines (common names)
doxycycline, tetracycline end in -cycline
37
Tetracyclines (microorganisms affected)
bacteriostatic gram + & gram -
38
Tetracyclines (indications)
syphilis, Lyme disease, PID, mycoplasma chlamydia (drug of choise) rickettsia
39
Tetracyclines (nursing considerations)
do not take with milk or dairy do not take Ca, Fe, Or, Mg, or antacids use sun protection Take with 8oz of water avoid use during pregnancy
40
Tetracyclines (adverse effects)
photosensitivity discolored teeth in fetus/child decreased growth in skeletal bones of fetus GI upset (investigate diarrhea could be C.diff)
41
Aminoglycosides (common names)
amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin
42
Aminoglycosides (microorganisms affected)
gram - and some gram +
43
Aminoglycosides (indications)
- gram - pseudomonas, enterobacter, proteus, kebsiella - gram + strep, staph, (bacterial endocarditis), - neomycin given for bacterial decontamination prior to GI surgery can reduce the ammonia-producing bacteria in the gut for patients with cirrhosis
44
Aminoglycosides (contraindications)
pregnancy category C or D (permanent hearing loss in infant) drug allergy do not give
45
Aminoglycosides (nursing considerations)
monitor serum drug levels may be given once a day through levels above 2 mcg/ml is a risk for toxicity
46
Aminoglycosides (adverse effects)
ototoxic nephrotoxic (renal casts - visible remnants of destroyed renal cells, proteinuria and increased BUN
47
Quinolones (common names)
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin end in -floaxcin
48
Quinolones (microorganism affected)
bacteriocidal broad spectrum
49
Quinolones (indications)
excreted by kidneys as unchanged drug used for UTI respiratory, skin GI, bone, and joint infection Cipro used for exposure to anthrax
50
Quinolones (nursing considerations)
do not administer with antacids or MVI with iron infuse over 1 - 1.5 hours monitor for ECG changes dairy reduces absorption
51
Quinolones (adverse effects)
prolong QT interval black box warning for: tendon rupture, tendonitis, abnormal cartilage development, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, liver damage
52
Clindamycin (common names)
Cleocin
53
Clindamycin (microorganism affected)
gram + anaerobes bactericidal or bacteriostatic
54
Clindamycin (indications)
chronic bone infections, abdominal infections, GU, staph, and strep
55
Clindamycin (nursing considerations)
DO NOT use with ulcerative colitis or enteritis and infants do not give with NMB drugs
56
Clindamycin (adverse effects)
GI effects: nausea, vomiting assess for c.diff high risk of development of pseudomembranous colitis
57
Metronidazole (common name)
flagyl antibiotic and antiprotozoal
58
Metronidazole (microorganism affected)
anaerobes
59
Metronidazole (indications)
intraabdominal and gynecological infections clostridium, Bacteroides, protozoal infections (amebiasis and trichomoniasis)
60
Metronidazole (nursing considerations)
- no alcohol for 24 hours before and up to 36 hours after last dose - multiple drug interactions, changes the urine dark or red/brown
61
Metronidazole (adverse effects)
dizziness, HA, GI discomfort, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
62
Vancomycin (microorganism affected)
gram +
63
Vancomycin (indications)
drug of choice for MRSA can be used for c.diff not used for gram -
64
Vancomycin (nursing considerations)
administer over at least 1 hr draw drug levels (trough 10-20) monitor serum creatine additive NMB effect
65
Vancomycin (adverse effects)
ototoxic, nephrotoxic red man syndrome (flushed feeling, facial itch, decreased BP) if happens slow rate of infusion
66
Linezolid (microorganism affected)
developed to treat VRE treats MDRO
67
Linezolid (indications)
VRE, healthcare-associated pneumonia, MDROs
68
Linezolid (nursing considerations)
stop SSRIs while taking avoid tyramine containing food (cheese, wine, soy sauce, smoked meats- raise BP) potentiates vasopressors
69
Linezolid (adverse effects)
HA, n/v/d myelosuppression (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
70
Acyclovir (virus treated)
HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV
71
Acyclovir (indications)
valaciclovir metabolized to acyclovir and has greater bioavailability (less frequent dosing)
72
Acyclovir (nursing considerations)
infused over 1 hour maintain adequate hydration, use gloves when applying topically
73
Acyclovir (adverse effects)
n/v/d burning when topically applied
74
Ganciclovir (virus treated)
CMV organ transplant: to prevent CMV
75
Ganciclovir (nursing considerations)
obtain CBC prior to giving causes bone marrow suppression use caution when handling
76
Oseltamivir & Zanamivir (common names)
oseltamivir = tamiflu zanamivir = relenza
77
Oseltamivir & Zanamivir (virus treated)
influenza A & B
78
Oseltamivir/Zanamivir (nursing considerations)
give with 2 days of onset of flu sx
79
Osltamivin & Zanamivir (adverse effects)
oseltamivir: n/v Zanamivir: diarrhea, nausea, sinusitis
80
Ribavirin (virus treated)
RSV (inhaled)
81
Ribavirin (nursing considerations)
- black box warning - pregnancy category X for teratogenic effects (no pregnant patient or male partners for 6 mo. after exposure) - use 2 reliable methods of birth control - pregnant caregivers stay out of room when aerosolized med is used
82
Ribavirin (adverse effects)
birth defects
83
Ethambutol (common side effects)
blindness
84
Streptomycin (common side effects)
ototoxic, nephrotoxic (not used for pregnant patients)
85
Isoniazid (common side effetcs)
peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, visual disturbance, hyperglycemia
86
Rifampin (common side effects)
turns urine, tears, sweat, and septum red/brown, can cause hepatitis
87
Amphotericin B (indication)
severe systemic mycoses
88
Amphotericin B (contraindications)
renal impairment, bone marrow suppression
89
Amphotericin B (nursing considerations)
Pretreat with antipyretics, antihistamines, antiemetics, and corticosteroids, continuous monitoring through infusion. Monitor vs q 15 minutes
90
Amphotericin B (Adverse effects)
Almost all pt have fevers, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle & joint pain, anorexia, n/v, HA. Hypokalemia, numbness, tingling, tinnitus, liver toxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiac dysrhythmias
91
Fluconazole (common name)
diflucan
92
Fluconazole (contraindications)
Vaginal candidiasis, oral, esophageal, UT systemic fungal infections
93
Fluconazole (nursing considerations)
Excellent bioavailability- one dose treats most vaginal candidiasis infections
94
Fluconazole (adverse effects)
n/v/d
95
Nystatin (common name)
Mycostatin
96
Nystatin (indication)
Oral candidiasis, candida diaper rash, prophylaxis for neutropenic patients
97
Nystatin (contraindications)
drug allergy
98
Nystatin (nursing indications)
oral or topical only
99
Nystatin (adverse effects)
n/v/d
100
Chloroquine & hydroxy-chloroquine (common names)
Plaquenil
101
Chloroquine & hydroxy-chloroquine (indication)
Malaria (drug of choice), amebiasis, anti-inflammatory Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
102
Chloroquine & hydroxy-chloroquine (contratindication)
visual changes, optic neuritis, psoriasis
103
Chloroquine & hydroxy-chloroquine (nursing consideration)
may be given prophylactically when traveling to places with high rates of malaria. May have loading doses
104
Chloroquine & hydroxy-chloroquine (adverse effects)
diarrhea, n/v, dizziness, HA, SZ rash, pruritis
105
Ivermectin (indications)
intestinal infection with threadworms
106
Ivermectin (nursing consideration)
stool specimen, assess food eaten

Patho/Pharm (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions