Analgesics Flashcards
(111 cards)
0
Q
hyper-algesia means
A
enchanced pain
1
Q
algesia means
A
pain
2
Q
anal-gesia means
A
loss of pain sensation
3
Q
difference in anaethetic & analgesic
A
anaethetic- loss of sensation
analgesic- loss of pain sensation
4
Q
classify analgesic
A
narcotic(opioid analgesics)
non-narcotic(NSAIDs)
5
Q
narcotic analgesics are also known as _________
A
opioid analgesics
6
Q
define narcotic analgesic
A
cause analgesia accompanied by narcosis(deep sleep)
7
Q
non-narcotic analgesics are also known as _______
A
NSAIDs
8
Q
define non-narcotic analgesics
A
cause analgesia without narcosis
9
Q
narcotic analgesics can further be subdivided into
A
opium alkaloids
morphine derivatives
morphine subsitutes
10
Q
____________ analgesics produce anti-inflamatory and anti-pyretic effect
A
non-narcotic
11
Q
_________ analgesic is used for superficial pain
A
non-narcotic
12
Q
_________ analgesic is used for deep seated pain
A
narcotic
13
Q
an ideal analgesic should have _________(short/long) duration
A
long
14
Q
opium is a ________ derieved from _________
A
dried exudate
unripe seed capsules of poppy plant(papaver somniferum)
15
Q
opium contains _______ alkaloids
A
32
16
Q
opium alkaloids can be divided into ___ groups
A
2
17
Q
name the 2 groups into which opium can be divided
A
phen-anthrene group
benzyl-iso-quinoline group
18
Q
name 3 morphine alkaloids under PHEN-ANTHRENE group
A
the-baine
morphine
codeine
19
Q
name 3 morphine alkaloids under benzyl-iso-quinoline group(PN2)
A
papa-verine
nos-capine
nar-ceine
20
Q
difference between phen-anthrene group & benzyl-iso-quinolene group
A
CNS: moe depression or excitation
more analgesia
spasmogenic
addiction common
21
Q
except ________ ,all akaloids of phen-anthrene group produce significant analgesia
A
thebaine
22
Q
_____________ group of opium alkaloids are spasmolytic
A
benzyl-iso-quino-lene
23
Q
_____________ is the principal akaloid of opium
A
morphine
24
name the first plant alkaloid isolated?
morphine
25
opioid prototype
morphine
26
morphine produces _____phoria
eu-phoria
27
morphine produces CNS depression in which species?
man
monkey
dog
28
morphine produces CNS excitation in which species?
cat
ruminants
horse
29
morphine blocks _____________ transmission
no-cieption
30
does morphine impair motor activity while performing its action?
NO
31
name a MIXED AGONIST-ANTAGONIST of opium alkaloids
pentazocine
32
pentazocine is an agonist for _____ receptor and antagonist for _____ receptor
k
| u
33
what is penta-zocine
mixed agonist antagonist for opium alkaloids
34
name some chemical mediators of pain and inflammation
```
substance P
bradykinin
5-HT
histamine
prostaglandin
```
35
pain sensation is ultimately felt at ___________
cerebral cortex
36
define opioid peptides
endogenous mediators which mimic the effects of morphine
37
name few opioid peptides
leucine enkephalin
methionine enkephalin
dynorphin
b-edorphin
38
MOA of opioids
decrease interacellular 2nd messenger cAMP
opening of K channels
inhibition of Ca channels
39
morphine is metabolized into _________ & ___________
morphine 3 gluc-uronide
| morphine 6 gluc-uronide
40
tell about morphine 3 glucuronide
is a morphine antagonist
41
tell about morphine 6 glucuronide
more analgesic effect than morphine
42
two symptoms of morphin toxicity
CNS exitation
| constipation
43
3 symptoms of morphine withdrawl syndrome
hyper-irritability
excessive motor activity
teeth chattering
44
name morphine derivatives (MOD3 AH)
```
methyl moprhine
oxy-morphine
dimethyl-morphine
diacetyl-morphine
dhydroxy-morphine
apo-morphine
hydro-morphine
```
45
methyl morphine is also known as _________
codeine
46
methyl morphine is also used as a ___________
anti-tussive
47
di-methyl morphine is also known as ___________
the-baine
48
di-acetylmorphine is also known as
heroin
49
which morphine derivative has potent central EMETIC action
apo-morphine
50
are morphine derivatives related to morphine in structure
yes
51
are morphine subsitutes related to morphine in chemical structure
NO
52
name morphine subsitutes(LM2N FB)
```
loper-amide
metha-done
meperidine
nal-buphine
fentanyl
butor-phanol
```
53
meperidine
causes restlessness than sedation
| anti-muscarinic effect
54
name a morphine subsitute whose duration of action is LONGER than morphine
methadone
55
name a morphine subsitute whose duration of action is SHORTER than morphine & is more POTENT
fentanyl
56
name a morphine subsitute used in inflammatory bowel syndrome
loperamide
57
name an opiate anti-diarrhoeal
loperamide
58
droperidol + fentanyl combination is used as ____________
neuro-lept-analgesic
59
dose of fentanyl+droperidol combo
1 ml contain 0.4 mg fentanyl & 20 mg droperidol
60
neurlo-lept-analgesia means
analgesia + neurolepsia i.e. tranquility
61
thebaine derivatives are used for which purpose
neuro-lept-analgesia(same as fentanyl + droperidol combo)
62
name two thebaine derivatives
etropine
| bupernorphine
63
etrophine is ______ times more potent than morphine
1000
64
name few narcotic/opioid antagonists
nal-oxone
nal-trexone
nal-mefone
65
___________ is considered as a pure antagonist of narcotic/opoid analgesics
nal-mefone
66
name a derivative of morphine which is a potent central emetic
apo-morphine
67
nal-orphine is a partial agonist for ______ receptors and antagonist for ______ receptors of morphine
kappa
| mu
68
3 effects of NSAIDs
analgesic(for pain)
anti-pyretic(for fever)
anti-inflammatory
69
classification of NSAIDS
non selective COX inhibitors
slight to moderate COX-2 inhibitors
highly selective COX-2 inhibitors
70
non-selective COX inhibitors have selective _______ and slight _______ inhibition
COX-1
| COX-2
71
slight to moderate selective COX-2 inhibitors cause __________ fold COX-2 inhibition
<5 to 50
72
highly selective COX-2 inhibitors cause ______ fold COX-2 inhibition
>50
73
do moderate and highly selective COX-2 inhibitors possess COX-1 inhibition also
yes they do
moderate-full
highly-some
74
which COX is more important in fever
COX-2
75
which COX is more important for digestion
COX-1
76
temperature is maintained by thermostat in ________
hypothalamus
77
is normal body temperature effected by NSAIDs
no
78
microbial endotoxins cause the release of _______ from macrophages
interleukin
79
interleukin stimulates the generation of ______ in hypothalamus
PGE
80
what is the role of PGE in hypothalamus
set the thermostat at a higher level (cause fever/pyrexia)
81
NSAIDS exert anti-pyretic effect by irreversibly binding to _________
COX-1 or/and COX-2
82
what is the function of COX 1 & 2
catalyse the reaction of prostaglandin formation from arachidonic acid
83
COX-1 is ___________ enzyme
constitutive
84
COX-2 is __________ enzyme
inducible
85
out of COX-1 and COX-2 which is inducible
COX-2
86
what is the function of prostaglandins in fever
they SENSITISE the noci-ceptors to pain inducers
87
the inactivation of COX by PGE is reversible or ir-reversible
ir-reversible
88
what is the other effect of aspirin except antipyretic,anti-infla,analgesic
prevent platelet aggregation
89
MOA of action of aspirin for platelet aggregation prevention
inhibiting the enzyme COX-1 that produces TXA-2.
| TXA-2 is secreted by platelets and helps in platelet aggregation
90
side effect of using COX-1 inhibitors
gastric ulcers & gastric haemorrhages
91
name 4 main NSAIDs
aspirin
para-cetamol
phena-cetin
phenyl-butazone
92
relative potency of NSAIDS
| -antipyretic effect
as>para=phen>phenylbutazone
93
relative potency of NSAIDS
| -analgesic effect
as>phen=para>phenylbutazone
94
relative potency of NSAIDS
| -anti inflamatory effect
phenylbutazone>aspirin
95
sodium salicylate is _______(less/more) potent than aspirin
less
96
phenyl-butazone is converted to _____________ in body
oxy-phen-butazone
97
use of phenylbutazone
lameness(doping agent)
uricosuric/antigout efffect
cause increased plasma volume
98
uricos-uric effect means
increase in excretion of uric acid
99
name a NSAID what has spasmolytic effect
di-pyrone
100
prolonged use of NSAID
gastic bleeding
| gastric ulcers
101
aspirin should be used ___ weeks before surgery
2
102
which species is more susceptible to aspirin toxicity
cat
103
which two NSAID are contraindicated in cats
phen-acetin
| para-cetamol
104
name 4 anti-gout drugs (PAAC)
probene-cid
allo-purinol
acet-aminophen
cochi-cine
105
MOA od allopurinol
inhibits XANTHINE OXIDASE
| hence, xanthines are diverted to form purine instead of uric acid
106
name an analgesic which is neither narcotic nor NSAID
xyla-zine
107
tell 3 purposes of xyla-zine
sedative analgesic
skeletal muscle relaxant
emetic effect
108
Best NSAID for treating inflammation
Phenylbutazone
109
Best NSAID for fever and analgesia
Aspirin
110
Which NSAID is used as a DOPING agent and why?
Phenylbutazone
Because it is best NSAID for treating inflammation (lameness in this case)
