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PHARMA > Sedatives,Hypnotics and Anticonvulsants > Flashcards

Sedatives,Hypnotics and Anticonvulsants Flashcards

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0
Q

hypnotics definition

A

cause hypnosis(normal arousable sleep)

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1
Q

sedatives definition

A

reduce CNS exitation

do not induce sleep

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2
Q

what is hypnosis

A

normal arousable sleep

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3
Q

do sedatives & hypnotics possess analgesic(painkilling) effect

A

NO (only dull the perception of pain)

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4
Q

deep sleep is also known as

A

narcosis

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5
Q

difference between narcosis and hypnosis

A

narcosis is deep sleep

hypnosis is normal arousable sleep

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6
Q

why hypnotics are also called as narcotics

A

because at higher doses they cause narcosis(deep sleep)

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7
Q

name 3 hypnotics(B2 PC)

A

barbiturates
benzodiaz-epines
par-aldehyde
chloral hydrate

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8
Q

barbiturates are commonly used as hypnotics/sedatives in which species

A

dog & cat

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9
Q

name 4 barbiturates(BPAS)

A

barbitone
pheno-barbitone
amo-barbitone
seco-barbitone

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10
Q

name the 3 categories in which benzo-diaz-epines can be divided/name 3 purposes for which benzo-diaz-epines can be used

A

hypnotics
anxiolytics
anticonvulsants

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11
Q

name 3 hypnotic benzodiazepines(FND)

A

flurazepam
nitrazepam
diazepam

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12
Q

name 3 anxiolytic benzodiazepines(OLD)

A

oxazepam
lorazepam
diazepam

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13
Q

name 2 anticonvulsant benzodiazepines(DC)

A

diazepam

clonazepam

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14
Q

benzodiazepines are commonly used as hypnotic/sedative in which species

A

man & dog

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15
Q

name a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

A

flumazenil

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16
Q

when will you give flumazenil

A

to overcome the toxicity of benzodiazepines(as it is an antagonist)

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17
Q

MOA of benzodiazepines

A

only GABA facilitation

no GABA mimetic action

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18
Q

GABA mimetic action means

A

selective increase in Cl conductance

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19
Q

benzodiazepines act on which 2 systems

A 
MIDBRAIN ascending reticular formation(sleep cycle)
limbic system(mental functions)
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20
Q

pharmodynamics(PD) of benzodiazepines

A

high therapeutic index(no effect on Res. & other systems)

do not induce microsomal enzymes

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21
Q

do benzodiazepines have GABA mimetic action

A

NO

only GABA facilitatory action

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22
Q

benzodiazepines excretes through ________

A

urine

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23
Q

do benzodiazepines enter CNS

A

YES because it is lipid soluble

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24
name a drug which is not benzodiazepine derivative but acts like one
zolpidem
25
MOA of zolpidem
acts on central benzodiazepine receptor & potentiates GABA action
26
route of benzodiazepine administration for sedation/hypnosis
orally
27
which hypnotic/sedative is used for large animals
chloral hydrate
28
chloral hydrate 1. is given by which route 2. @ what dose in cattle & horse
IV | 5-7 gm/100 kg for both cattle & horse
29
paraldehyde is condensation product of _____________
3 molecules of acetaldehyde
30
what is the function of paraldehyde
potent short acting HYPNOTIC
31
3 therapeutic uses of hypnotic/sedatives
restrain excited animal(H/S) induce sleep(only H) preanaesthetic(H/S)
32
anticonvulsants definition
counteract nervous diseases/poisonings characterised by convulsions or epilepsy
33
how to memorize main anticonvulsants | PDC BG VL
P4 DC2 BG (VL)2 | Punjab de DC de BiG VaL
34
name the P4 anticonvulsants
(fan poppi) pheno-barbitone pheny-toin pro-pofol pri-midone
35
name the DC2 anticonvulsants
(DIESAL paeya CAR ch te ohde 2 CLONE ban ge) diaz-epam car-bamaz-epine clon-azepam
36
name the BG anticonvulsants
(brown ga) bro-mide ga-ba-pentin
37
name the (VL)2 anticonvulsants
(val vig lig lam) val-proic acid vig-a-batrin liag-a-bine lam-o-trigine
38
phenobarbitone as anticonvulsant
inhibit motor & sensory cerebral cortex enhance GABA activity inhibit glutamate mediated exitation dose: cat=1-2 mg/kg orally 2x,dog=2-10 mg/kg orally 2x
39
phenytoin as anticonvulsant
inhibit motor area of cerebral cortex block Na channels dose: dog=6-30mg/kg orally 3x
40
phenytoin prolongs ______ time, which is reversed by ______
prothrombin | vit. K
41
which 2 drugs decrease metabolic breakdown of phenytoin
chloram-phenicol | phenyl-butazone
42
propofol as anticonvulsant
also a GABA agonist | dose: dog & cat=1-2 mg/kg IV
43
primidone as anticonvulsant
prodrug,converted to phenobarbitone(active metabolite) in liver dose:dog=10-30mg/kg orally @ 8hrs interval
44
primidone is a prodrug for __________
phenobarbitone
45
which drug can reduce metabolic breakdown of primidone
chloramphenicol
46
chloramphenicol is used to increase activity & decrease breakdown of which 2 anticonvulsants
phenytoin | primidone
47
diazepam as as anticonvulsant
most commonly used benzodiazepine drug of choice in status epilepticus in dog not given orally(poor absorption) GABA facilitatory action
48
which is the most comonly used benzodiazepine
diazepam(also DOC for status epilepticus in dogs)
49
which is the drug of choice for status epilepticus in dogs and it is given at what dose
diazepam(also most comonly used benzodiazepine) | dose: 0.5-1.5 mg/kg IV , repeat within 30 min to 2 hours
50
car-bamaz-epine as anticonvulsant
acts by decreasing exitability by BLOCKING Na CHANNELS
51
clon-azepam as anticonvulsant
a benzodiazepine for dog | dose: 0.5 mg/kg orally 2x
52
bromide as anticonvulsant
sodium or pottasium salt
53
gabapentin as anticonvulsant
prevents release of GLUTAMIC ACID(central excitory transmittor) from glutaminergic nerve terminals
54
valproic acid as anticonvulsant
sodium channel blocker(like phenytoin & car-bamaz-epine) decreases DEGRADATION of GABA(like vigabatrin) dose: dog=10-50 mg/kg 3x
55
vigabatrin as anticonvulsant
decrease degradation of GABA(like valproic acid)
56
liag-abine as anticonvulsant
inhibits degradation of GABA
57
lamo-trigine as anticonvulsant
blocks presynaptic Na channels | reduce release of glutamic acid(excitatory neurotransmittor)
58
how do certain anticonvulsants decrease degradation of GABA
they inhibit "GABA transaminase" which inactivates GABA
59
which anticonvulsants bock Na channels
phenytoin car-bamaz-epine valproic acid lamo-trigine
60
which anticonvulsants inhibit glutamic acid secretion
pheno-barbitone gaba-pentin limo-trigine pro-pofol
61
name the anticonvulsants which prevent degradation of GABA
valproic acid vig-abatrin liag-abin

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