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clinical chemistry > ANALYTICAL METHODS > Flashcards

ANALYTICAL METHODS Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

VISIBLE RANGE

A

400-700nm

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2
Q

<400 nm

A

ultraviolet region

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3
Q

> 700 nm

A

infrared region

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4
Q

the relationship of frequency to wavelength

A

inversely proportional

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5
Q

Measurement of light transmitted by a solution

A

Spectrophotometry

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6
Q

most commonly used light in spectrophotometry

A

Tungsten light

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7
Q

hallow cathode lamp is used in

A

AAS

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8
Q

MOST COMMONLY USED IN UV

A

deuterium discharge lamp and the mercury arc lamp

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9
Q

Most common cause of loss of linearity

A

stray light

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10
Q

Major effect of stray light

A

absorbance error

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11
Q

most commonly used monochromator

A

grating

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12
Q

Isolates specific wavelength

A

Monochromator

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13
Q

short wavelength are refracted more than long wavelengths

A

Prism

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14
Q

Quality assurance of monochromator

A

Didymium or holium oxide filter and mercury vapor lamp

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15
Q

Controls the band pass or bandwidth

A

Exit slit

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16
Q

It holds the solution

A

Cuvet

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17
Q

type of cuvet that Indicate the position for use

A

Etched

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18
Q

Most commonly used cuvette

A

alumina silica

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19
Q

cuvet used for visble range but absorbs UV

A

glass cuvettes

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20
Q

detects and converts transmitted light to electrical energy

A

Photodetector

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21
Q

unknown subs is directly proportional to absorbed light and inversely proportional to transmitted light

A

Beer’s Law

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22
Q

The absorbance increase exponentially with an increase in the light path

A

Lambert Law

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23
Q

most common type of photodetector, excellent sensitivity

A

Photomultiplier

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24
Q

Same as photocell, differs in that an outside voltage is required for operation

A

Phototube

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25
simpliest detector, require no external voltage source
photocell
26
A photodetector that respond to a specific wavelength UV/VISIBILE
Photodiode
27
simplest typer of spectrophotometer
Single bean photometer
28
permit automatic correction of sample and reference absorbance
Double beam spectrophotometer
29
a solution consisting of all components of a reaction except the analyte
Blank
30
contains the same reagents used for the test
Reagent blank
31
Serum with reagent. For correcting absorbance caused by reagents color and hemoglobin
blanking technique
32
used to subtract the intrinsic absorbance of the sample usually caused by hemolysis, icterus, turbidity or drug interference.
Sample Blank
33
measure the light emitted by a single atom burned in a flame
Flame Emission Photometry
34
Flame color: Hottest
Blue
35
Flame color: Sodium
Yellow
36
Flame color: Potassium
Violet
37
Flame color: lithium/rubidium
Red
38
Flame color: magnesium/copper
Blue
39
Measure light absorbed by atoms dissociated by heat
AAS
40
uses electricity to break the chemical bonds instead of flame
Flameless AAS
41
Most common burner
premix long-path burner
42
Flame bring the metal analyte from molecular form into its atomic form at _______ state
ground
43
controls light intensity
attenuator
44
the selected wavelength that is best absorbed by the solution
primary filter
45
detects fluorescing sample
detector
46
emission if light is created from a chemical reaction. Mo excitation radiation, no monochromator
Chemiluminescence
47
Light blocked by a particle in a solution
Turbidimetry
48
Determines the amount of scattered light
Nephelometry
49
Narrow spectral width and small cross-sectional area with low divergence.
Laser light
50
a molecule such as protein whose net charge can be either positive or negative
ampholyte
51
migration of smalll ions
iontophoresis
52
migration of charged macromolecules
Zone electrophoresis
53
separation is performed in narrow-bore fused silica capillaries
capillary electrophoresis
54
molecules migrate thru pH gradient
Isoelectric focusing
55
separate proteins into as may as 12 zones
High-resolution protein electrophoresis
56
what are the support medium of electrophoresis?
starch gel cellulose acetate, agarose gel, polyacrylamide gel
57
this medium separates by charge and molecular size?
Starch gel
58
This medium is neutral, does not bind to protein and separates by electrical charge
Agarose gel
59
This medium separates by molecular sized and used in isoelectric focusing
cellulose acetate
60
This medium is neutral, separates by charge and size, separate protein into 20 zones for isoenzyme
polyacrylamide gel
61
measure the absorbance of stain. Scan and quantitate electrophoretic pattern
Densitometry
62
separation of soluble components in a solution
chromatography
63
distance leading edge of component moves/ total distance of solvent
Rf value
64
uses for sugar and amino acids
paper chromatography
65
Used for drug testing
thin layer chromatography
66
Gold standard for drug testing
GC-MS
67
detect 20 inborn errors of metabolism
MS/MS
68
most widely used, uses pressure for fast separations
HPLC
69
Unknown sample +known smaple + indicator. uses sCHales and sCHalwa method (chloride test)
Volumetric
70
most commonly used method for measuring the changes in colligative properties in a solution
Freezing point depression osmometry
71
measurement of current or voltage generated by the activity of a specific ion
Electrochemistry
72
a type of potentiometric, ion-selcetive electrode used to separate membrane from sample solution
ISE membranee
73
Measure the amount of current produced through the oxidation or reduction of the substance to be meaured at an electrode held at a fixed potential
Amperometry
74
potential difference between an indicator electrode and a reference electrode is measured
potentiometry
75
based on faraday's law, number of equivalent weights of a rectant oxidized or reduced is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity used in the reaction
polarography
76
Based on polarography; trace metal ions in the solution reduced and plated onto anodic electrode
Anodic tripping voltammetry
77
indirectly indicates the presence of osmotically active substances
Osmolal gap
78
antibiotic uses to detect K
valinomycin gel
79
antibiotic use for calcium
dioctylphenyl phosphonate
80
antibiotic use for NH4 analysis
Nonactin and monactin
81
widely used for the detection of therapeutic and abused drugs
fluorescence polarization
82
disadvantage of fluorometry
quenching technique
83
most spectrofluorometer use a
high-pressure xenon lamp
84
for measuring ag and ab complexes
nephelometry
85
This is used for CSF protein
silver nitrate
86
this is used for lipoprotein
fat red 7B and oil red O
87
this is used for lactate dehydrogenase
nitrotetrazolium blue
88

clinical chemistry (7 decks)

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