Anaphy Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
- keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis.
A
Hair
2
Q
an epidermal penetration of the dermis
A
Hair follicle
3
Q
part of the hair NOT anchored to the follicle, EXPOSED AT SKIN SURFACE
A
Hair shaft
4
Q
lies BELOW surface of skin
A
Hair root
5
Q
layer of mitotically active basal cells
A
Hair matrix
6
Q
hair root end deep in the dermis , surrounds the hair papilla
A
Hair bulb
7
Q
made of connective tissue, blood capillaries, nerve endings
A
Hair papilla
8
Q
- SURROUND ROOT of GROWING HAIR
A
Internal root sheath
9
Q
- EXTENSION of EPIDERMIS, ENCLOSES HAIR ROOT
A
External root sheath
10
Q
- THICK CLEAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE, COVERS HAIR ROOT
A
Glassy membrane
11
Q
- cells divide rapidly at the root of the hair
A
Anagen
12
Q
- HAIR FOLLICLE ACTIVE GROWTH
A
Catagen
13
Q
- HAIR FOLLICLE AT REST
- NO NEW GROWTH
A
Telogen
14
Q
TIP OF FINGERS AND TOES ), RICH IN BLOOD VESSELS
A
Nail bed
15
Q
FORMS ON NAIL BED ), FARTHEST EXTREMITIES, FORMS BACK SUPPORT FOR PICKING OBJECTS, COMPOSED OF DENSELY PACKED DEAD KERATINOCYTES
A
Nail body
16
Q
MATRIX OF PROLIFERATING CELLS FROM STRATUM BASALE
A
Nail Root
17
Q
OVERLAPS NAIL ON SIDES FOR ANCHORING NAIL BODY
A
Nail fold
18
Q
EPONYCHIUM
A
Nail cuticle
19
Q
LITTLE MOON )
A
Lunula
20
Q
FURTHEST FROM CUTICLE
A
Hyponychium
21
Q
genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes.
A
Albinism
22
Q
- melanocytes in certain areas lose their ability to produce melanin, possibly due to an autoimmune reaction.
A
Vitiligo
23
Q
cause the accumulation of bile and the yellow pigment bilirubin, leading to the skin appearing yellow or jaundiced
A
Liver Cancer
24
Q
secretion of large amounts of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which results in a darkening of the skin.
A
Tumor of Pituitary Gland
25
- RELEASE OF EXCESS AMOUNT OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE WHICH GIVE DEEP BRONZE COLOR
Addison Disease
26
- WHITE SKIN DISORDER
Ashen
27
Blue skin
Cyanosis
28
- cancer that affects the mitotically active stem cells
Basal Cell Carcinoma
29
- cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
SQUAMOS CELL CARCINOMA
30
cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes
MELANOMA
31
inflammatory condition and occurs in individuals of all ages.
- allergic reaction that manifests as dry, itchy patches of skin that resemble rashes
Eczema
32
- involves the clogging of pores
- skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands (face and back).
Acne
33
- OILY SUBSTANCE
Sebum
34
- IRREGULAR ACCUMULATION OF MELANOCYTES
Freckles
35
- larger masses of melanocytes
Mole
36
- Asymmetry – the two sides are not symmetrical
- Borders – the edges are irregular in shape
- Color – the color is varied shades of brown or black
- Diameter – it is larger than 6 mm (0.24 in)
- Evolving – its shape has changed
ABCDE
37
- collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing
Scar
38
- formation of a raised or hypertrophic scar
Keloid
39
- called decubitis ulcers, are caused by constant, long-term, unrelieved pressure on certain body parts
Bedsore
40
- dermis is stretched beyond its limits of elasticity
Stretch mark
41
- basal stem cells in the stratum basale are triggered to divide more often to increase the thickness of the skin at the point of abrasion to protect the rest of the body from further damage
Calluses
42
specialized form of callus
- form from abrasions on the skin that result from an elliptical-type motion.
Corn
43
- semi-rigid form of connective tissue
- Provide flexibility and smooth surfaces
Cartilage
44
- contains adipose tissue; the triglycerides stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy
Yellow Marrow
45
- where hematopoiesis—the production of blood cells—takes place.
- Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced in the red marrow.
Red marrow
46
- is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide
- FOUND IN ARMS, LEGS, FINGERS AND TOES
- FUNCTIONS AS LEVERS
Long Bone
47
- cube-like in shape
- provide stability and support as well as some limited motion.
- EXAMPLES :
- CARPALS AND WRIST
Short bones
48
- is somewhat of a misnomer
- typically thin, it is also often curved
- points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs.
- EXAMPLES INCLUDE:
CRANIAL ( SKULL )
SCAPULAE ( SHOULDER BLADE )
STERNUM ( BREAST BONE )
Flat bone
49
- that does not have any easily characterized shape and therefore does not fit any other classification.
- have more complex shapes, like the vertebrae that support the spinal cord and protect it from compressive forces.
- PROTECT INTERNAL ORGANS
- EXAMPLES:
- FACIAL BONES LIKE SINUSES
Irregular Bones
50
- small, round bone
- FOUND IN TENDONS
- PROTECT TENDONS
- PATELLAE ( SINGULAR IS PATELLA ) COMMONLY FOUND IN EVERY PERSON
Sesamoid bones
51
- the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone.
- hollow region called the medullary cavity, filled with yellow marrow
- DENSE COMPACT BONES
Diaphysis
52
- wider section at each end of the bone
- is filled with spongy bone
- CONTAIN epiphyseal plate (growth plate), a layer of hyaline (transparent)
Epiphysis
53
- two bone surfaces come together
- JOINT
Articulation
54
- projects above the surface of the bone
- the attachment points for tendons and ligament
Projection
55
- opening or groove in the bone
Hole
56
- DOCTOR FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Orthopedist
57
Ortho means
Straight
58
Paed means
Child
59
STRAIGHTENING OF THE CHILD )
ORTHOPEDICS
60
FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS AND FLOW OF IONS FOR NERVE IMPULSES
Calcium ions
61
delicate membranous lining
- ENDO MEANS INSIDE
Endosteum
62
- outer surface of the bone is covered with a fibrous membrane
- PERI MEANS AROUND OR SURROUNDING
Periosteum
63
Thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber.
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
64
- SPONGY BONE
Diploe
65
Dense, stronger, it can withstand compressive forces
Compact Bone
66
cancellous) bone has open spaces and supports shifts in weight distribution.
Spongy bone
67
- HAVERSIAN SYSTEM
- microscopic structural unit of compact bone
Osteon
68
- contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.
- HAVERSIAN CANAL
Central canal
69
- VOLKMANN’S CANAL
PERFORATING CANAL
70
- the primary cell of mature bone
- most common type of bone cell.
- Maintains bone tissue
Osteocytes
71
- bone cell responsible for forming new bone
- found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and endosteum.
- do not divide, synthesize and secrete the collagen matrix and calcium salts.
- Forms bone matrix
Osteoblasts
72
- undifferentiated with high mitotic activity
- only bone cells that divide
- Stem cells
Osteogenic Cells
73
- found on bone surfaces, are multinucleated, and originate from monocytes and macrophages
- Resorbs bone
Osteoclasts
74
- INTRAMEMBRANOUS AND ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
OSTEOGENIC PATHWAYS
75
SHEETS OF MESENCHYMAL
INTRAMEMBRANOUS
76
- REPLACING HYALINE CARTILAGE
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
77
- COVERS CARTILAGE
PERICHONDRIUM
78
- next layer toward the diaphysis
PROLIFERATIVE ZONE
79
- matrix is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another
Bone remodeling
80
- BROKEN BRONE
Fracture
81
- MANIPULATION OF BONES WITHOUT SURGERY
Closed reduction
82
- REQUIRES SURGERY
Open reduction
83
- disorder of the bone remodeling process that begins with overactive osteoclasts.
Paget's disease
84
- genetic disease in which bones do not form properly
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
85
- drugs that decrease the activity of osteoclasts
BISPHOSPHONATES
86
Needed to make calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, which form the hydroxyapatite crystals that give bone its hardness
Calcium
87
Needed for calcium absorption
Vitamin D
88
Supports bone mineralization; may have synergistic effect with vitamin D
Vitamin K
89
Increases length of long bones, enhances mineralization, and improves bone density
Growth hormone
90
Stimulates bone growth and promotes synthesis of bone matrix
Thyroxine
91
Promote osteoblastic activity and production of bone matrix; responsible for adolescent growth spurt; promote conversion of epiphyseal plate to epiphyseal line
Sex hormone
92
Stimulates absorption of calcium and phosphate from digestive tract
Calcitriol
93
Stimulates osteoclast proliferation and resorption of bone by osteoclasts; promotes reabsorption of calcium by kidney tubules; indirectly increases calcium absorption by small intestine
Parathyroid hormone
94
Inhibits osteoclast activity and stimulates calcium uptake by bones
Calcitonin
95
Occurs straight across the long axis of the bone
Transverse
96
Occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees
Obliques
97
Bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion
Spiral
98
Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments
Comminuted
99
One fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression
Impacted
100
A partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken
Greenstick
101
A fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin; carries a high risk of infection
Open ( compound)
102
A fracture in which the skin remains intact
Close ( simple)
