Anaphy Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
This major component of tissue is tough,protective and made out of protein fibers
A
Collagen
2
Q
This major component of tissue are Negatively charged protein/carbohydrate molecules that attract water
A
Proteoglycans
3
Q
This type of cellular connection fuses membranes of adjacent cells allowing no movement
A
Tight junctions
4
Q
This type of cellular connection provides strong,, flexible connections between cells
A
Desmosomes
5
Q
This type of cellular connection connects the cell to the ECM
A
Hemidesmosomes
6
Q
This type of cellular connection allows intercellular passageways between cells
A
Gap junctions
7
Q
This type of membrane anchors epithelia to the ECM
A
Basement membrane
8
Q
This layer of basement membrane is a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen
A
Lamina Lucida
9
Q
This layer of basement membrane has a denser more structural weave of tough collagen fibers
A
Lamina densa
10
Q
This surface of epithelia is attached to the basement membrane
A
Basal surface
11
Q
This surface of epithelia is exposed to the external environment or internal space
A
Apical surface
12
Q
moves material across the surface
A
Cilia
13
Q
This increases the surface area of the surface
A
Microvili
14
Q
Found in air sacs of lungs, the lining
of heartblood vessels and lymphatic vessels
A
Simple squamous
15
Q
Lines kidney tubules
A
Simple cuboidal
16
Q
Lines digestive and reproductive tracts
A
Simple columnar
17
Q
Lines trachea and respiratory tract
A
Pseudo stratified columnar
18
Q
Lines esophagus mouth and vagina
A
Stratified squamous
19
Q
Found in sweat glands, salivary glands
A
Stratified cuboidal
20
Q
Found in male urethra
A
Stratified columnar
21
Q
Lines bladder urethra and ureters
A
Transitional epithelium
22
Q
These glands secrete hormones into the blood and are ductless
A
Endocrine glands
23
Q
Secretes substances locally through a duct
A
Exocrine Glands
24
Q
Glands that form tubes
A
Tubular glands
25
Glands that form pockets
Acinar glands
26
This type of secretion is accomplished by exocytosis
Apocrine secretion
27
This type of secretion accumulates near the apical surface of a gland
Apocrine secretion
28
This type of secretion involves the rupture and destruction of entire gland cells
Holocrine secretion
29
List types of connective tissue proper
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Dense regular
Dense irregular
30
List the types of supportive connective tissue
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Compact bone
Spongy bone
31
This tissue type can be found in the subcutaneous layer and supports nearby tissues
Areolar connective tissue
32
This connective tissue is found in the subcutaneous layer and cushions and stores energy
Adipose connective tissue
33
It is found in the lymphatic tissues spleen and liver and it is the framework of internal organs
Reticular connective tissue
34
This connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments and has it fibers facing in only 1 direction
Dens regular connective tissue
35
This connective tissue is found in the skin and has the fibers oriented in every direction
Dense irregular connective tissue
36
This is the most abundant connective tissue and ifound withine joints and ribs
Hyaline cartilage
37
This is the strongest type of cartilage and is found in the intervertebral discs
Fibrocartilage
38
This is the most flexible type of cartilage and is located in the external ear
Elastic cartilage
39
The most rigid of the connective tissue
Bone
40
This type of muscle is attached to the bone has striations, controlled voluntarily and it is multinucleated
Skeletal muscle
41
Found in the walls of the heart, contains striations, controlled involuntarily and the cells are attached by intercalated discs
Cardiac muscle
42
Found within internal organs, lacks striations and is involuntarily controlled
Smooth muscle
43
Part of the neuron where there are Short branches that receive signals
Dendrites
44
Nouses the nucleus and organelles of the neuron
Cell body
45
The part of the neuron where a long projection that is used to send action potentials
Axon
46
It is the gap between the neuron and it's target cell
Synapse
47
These cells are associated with nervous tissue and performs many support functions for the nervous tissue and some form myelin that insulates axons
Glial cells
48
This membrane lines body cavites that are open to the external environment
Associated with the Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Reproductive tracts
Mucous membranes
49
Covers and lines internal organs and reduces friction created as organs move
Serous membrane
(Pericardium,Pleura, peritoneum)
50
This membrane is the skin that covers the entire body
Cutaneous membrane
51
This type of membrane lines the joints
Synovial membrane
52
This is the body's initial response to injury and limits the extent of the injury and begins the repair proccess
Inflammation
53
Cancer derived from epithelial tissue
Carcinoma
54
Cancer in myeloid tissue or blood cells
Myelomas
55
Cancer of white blood cells
Leukemia
56
Cancer that is derived from connective tissue
Sarcomas
57
What connects the skin to underlying muscle
Fascia
58
What is the epidermis made out of?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
59
Is an intracellular fibrous protein made of long alpha helices
Keratin
60
Deepest layer of the epidermal layers, single layer of cells and actively devides to replace the cells in the superficial layers
Stratum basale
61
Are sensory receptors used for discriminatory touch
Merkel cells
62
Black and brown pigment of melanin
Eumelanin
63
Reddish pigment of melanin
Pheomelanin
64
Eight layers thick and keratinocytes are shaped like footballs and the cells are constantly pushed towards the stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
65
Cells in the stratum spinosum that provide immune protection
Langerhans (dendritic) cells
66
Cells begin to flatten and accumulate keratin and melanin can travel to this layer contained in melanosimes while cells die at the most superficial layer of this stratum
Stratum Granulosum
67
Only found in thick skin and composed of tightly packed dead keratinocytes
Stratum lucidum
68
In the stratum lucidums cells what protein that functions as a water barrier called
Eleidin
69
The most superficial layer of epidermis
About 15-30 layers of dead keratinocytes
Stratum corneum
70
Finger like projections of the dermis into the epidermis that helps anchor it to the epidermis and is noticable as fingerprints
Dermal papillae
71
Lies deep to the epidermis and is composed mainly of connective tissue and it supports the epidermis with nutrients, strength and elasticity
Dermis
72
The superficial layer of the dermis that is composed of loose areolar connective tissue and contains the dermal papillae and senses light pressure
Papillary layer
73
Deeper layer of the dermis made of dense irregular connective tissue and senses deep pressure
Reticular layer
74
Also known as the subcutaneous layer
And lies deep to the dermis and composed of mainly adipose and loose areolar connective tissue
Highly vascularized and provides insulation and cushing
Hypodermis
75
4 accessory structures of the skin
1.Hair
2.Nails
3.sweat glands
4.sebaceous glands
76
Found on most body surfaces except thick skin and is composed of dead keratinized cells from the epidermis
Hair
77
Is the visible portion of the hair
Hair shaft
78
Is the hair between the bulb and the shaft
Hair root
79
Can change the angle of the hair shaft during thermo regulation or fear response ( goosebumps)
Arrector pili muscle
80
Is the epidermis cells at the base of the hair follicle and the deepest portion of follicle
Hair bulb
81
Is the dermal tissue portion of the hair follicle. Because it is connective tissue it has blood vessels and nerves
Hair papilla
82
Center of the hair shaft
Medulla
83
Surrounds medulla
Cortex
84
Surrounds cortex
Cuticle
85
Living component of the nail and produces the nail body
Nail bed
86
Visible hard portion of the nail
Nail body
87
Proximal side of the nail body
Nail root
88
Thin layer of skin at the base of the nail
Nail cuticle (eponychium)
89
Crescent shaped region of nail bed
Lunula
90
Other name for sweat glands
Sudoriferous glands
91
What does the sweat glands produce in order to aid in temperature regulation
And it's other word
Sweat (perspiration )
92
It is found all over the body, less viscous and is involved in thermo regulation
Eccrine sweat glands
93
It is found in groin and armpits, has a more viscous secretion and may be involved in pheromone release
Apocrine sweat glands
94
The accumulation of sebum, keratin and dead cells can block hair follicle
Acne
95
Detects heat or cold
Nociceptors
96
Detects pain
Nociceptors
97
Detects touch
Tactile corpuscle
98
Detects pressure and vibration
Lamellated corpuscle
99
This burn only effects the epidermis
1st degree burn
100
This type of burn affects both the epidermis and dermis
2nd degree burn
101
This type of burn affects the epidermis the hypodermis and the dermis
3rd degree burns
102
The most common type of cancer in the US and occurs frequently in areas that are susceptible to long term sub exposure
Basal cell carcinoma
103
Is a cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and is the 2nd most common skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
104
Is a cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes
Melanoma
105
A raised scar
Keloid
106
A scar with a sunken apperance
Atrophic scar
107
Raised area of the skin due to tissue healing
Granulation tissue
108
Is found at the end of bones where e they form joints
Hyaline cartilage
109
This cartilage is not found in the skeletal system
Elastic cartilage
110
Is found between vertebrae within the knee and the public symphisis
Fibrocartilage
111
Is adipose tissue. As the skeleton increases in size during childhood and adolescence it gains this type of bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow
112
Is the site for generation of blood cells
Red bone marrow
113
Contains the red bone marrow
Spongy bone
114
Attach bones to each other
Ligaments
115
Contains the yellow bone marrow
Medullary cavity
116
It is made of hyaline cartilage and is found at joints
Articular cavity
117
Covers the surface of the bone
Periosteum
118
Cylindrical and longer as It is wide while also providing leverage
Long bone
119
Cube like shape and provides stability,support, while allowing for some motion
Short bone
120
Thin and curved and is found at points of attachment for muscle: protectors of internal organs
Flat bone
121
Complex shape and also protects internal organs
Irregular bone
122
Small and round and embedded in tendons Wich protects it from compressive force
Sesamoid bone
123
How do tendons and ligaments attach to the periosteum
Perforating fibers
124
Dense irregular connective tissue lining the surface of the bones
Periosteum
125
Dense irregular connective tissue lining the medullary cavity
Endosteum
126
This is where 2 bones meet
Articulating surface
127
Sunken portion of a bone
Depressions
128
Projects above the bones surface
Projections
129
An opening or a groove in the bone
Holes and spaces
130
Round surface
Condyle
131
Flat surface
Facet
132
Prominent rounded surface
Head
133
Rounded articulating surfaces
Trochlea
134
It is a depression with a elongated basin
Fossa
135
It is a depression with a groove
Sulcus
136
Ridge
Crest
137
Projection of a condyle
Epicondyle
138
Slight elongated ridge
Line
139
Prominent feature
Process
140
Long projection (branch)
Ramus
141
Sharp process
Spine
142
Rough and round projection
Trochanter
143
Small rounded process
Tubercle
144
Rough surface
Tuberosity
145
Passage in the bone
Canal
146
Slit through bone
Fissure
147
Opening into canal
Meatus
148
Air filled space within a bone
Sinus
149
Cells of cartilage that secrete matrix
Chondroblasts
150
Cells that are completely surrounded by matrix
Chondrocytes
151
Stem cells that develop into osteoblasts and communicates via canaliculi
Osteogenic cells
152
Cells that form new bone matrix
Osteoblasts
153
Mature osteoblasts that are completely surrounded by Matrix
Osteocytes
154
Cells that break down bown
Osteoclasts
155
Structural unit of compact bone
Osteon
156
Compact bone is made of matrix called the and surrounds the central canal
Concentric lamellae
157
The process of forming bone
Ossification
158
Connective tissue is used to make bones and also forms flat bones of cranium and face
Intramembranous ossification
159
Hyaline cartilage is used to create bone and it also forms most of the long bones
Endochondral ossification
160
This type of cartilage growth grows longer due to mitotic replication of chondrocytes and allows bones to increase in length
Interstial cartilage growth
161
Cartilage grows wider Wich occurs as cells in perichondrium become chondroblasts and secrete matrix
Appositional cartilage growth
162
Anchors epiphyseal plate to epiphysis
Reserve zone
163
Chondrocytes that recently underwent mitosis
Proliferative zone
164
Anchors epiphyseal plate to diaphysis and contains dead chondracytes surrounded by bone matrix
Zone of calcified matrix
165
Causes bone to take up calcium
Calcitonin
166
Causes bone to release calcium
Parathyroid
167
It is a silent disease that decreases bone density over time making them less able to support body weight and handle stress
Osteoporosis
