Anaphy Chapter 3

Question 1

Define Cell Structure

Answer 1

specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions

Question 2

Describe cytoplasm

Answer 2

jelly-like substance that holds organelles

Question 3

Describe Cell Membrane

Answer 3

also termed plasma membrane
a structure that encloses the cytoplasm

Question 4

List the Functions of the Cell

Answer 4

smallest units if life
cell metabolism and energy use
synthesis of molecules
reproduction and inheritance

Question 5

What includes the mechanisms; diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Answer 5

passive membrane transport

Question 6

What includes the mechanisms; active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis

Answer 6

active membrane transport

Question 7

Diffusion generally involves movement of substances in a solution down a _________?

Answer 7

concentration gradient

Question 8

What is concentration gradient

Answer 8

the difference in the concentration of solvent and solution

Question 9

What is the diffusion of water (a solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration

Answer 9

osmosis

Question 10

What is called when osmosis exerts a pressure

Answer 10

osmotic pressure

Question 11

What is it called when theres more concentration of solute inside a cell

Answer 11

hypotonic

Question 12

What is called when a cell has the same solute concentrations inside and outside

Answer 12

isotonic

Question 13

What is a carrier-mediated process that requires ATP

Answer 13

active transport

Question 14

What is the process that brings materials into a cell using vesicles

Answer 14

endocytosis

Question 15

What occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule and is transported into the cell

Answer 15

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 16

What is often used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested

Answer 16

phagocytosis

Question 17

What has much smaller vesicles formed and contain liquid rather than solid particles

Answer 17

Pinocytosis

Question 18

What is the process that involves the use of secretory vesicles

Answer 18

exocytosis

Question 19

What are the membrane-bound sacs used during exocytosis called

Answer 19

secretory vesicles

Question 20

What is involved in protein synthesis and is rough due to attached ribosomes

Answer 20

rough ER

Question 21

What has no attached ribosomes and is a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, and it stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells

Answer 21

smooth ER

Question 22

What is the process which synthesizes a protein by using the information in a gene

Answer 22

gene expression

Question 23

What is a DNA molecule consisted of

Answer 23

nucleotides joined together to form 2 nucleotide strands

Question 24

What involves copying DNA into messenger RNA

Answer 24

transcription

Question 25

What involves messenger RNA being used to produce a protein

Answer 25

Translation

Question 26

What are the 2 categories of Nitrogenous Bases and list what they contain for both

Answer 26

Purines - adenine, guanine Pyrimidines - cytosine, uracil, thymine

Question 27

List the DNA and RNA nucleotides pairs

Answer 27

DNA thymine and RNA adenine DNA adenine and RNA uracil DNA cytosine and RNA guanine DNA guanine and RNA cytosine

Question 28

What occurs to increase the number of cells or replace damaged or dying one

Answer 28

cell division

Question 29

What are the 2 major phases in the cell cycle

Answer 29

interphase and mitosis

Question 30

How many pairs of chromosomes does each human cell contain (except sperm and egg cells)

Answer 30

23 pairs, total of 46

Question 31

How many total chromosomes do the sperm and egg contain

Answer 31

23

Question 32

If a pair of chromosomes consists of 2 X chromosomes, what is the gender of the person

Answer 32

female

Question 33

If a pair of chromosomes consists of 1 X and 1 Y chromosomes, what is the gender of the person

Answer 33

male

Question 34

What are the 4 phases is mitosis divided into

Answer 34

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 35

What is the process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions called

Answer 35

differentiation

Question 36

What is termed programmed cell death

Answer 36

apoptosis

Question 37

List the Cellular Aspects of Aging

Answer 37

existence of a cellular clock presence of death genes DNA damage formation of free radicals mitochondrial damage

Question 38

What are abnormal proliferations of cells

Answer 38

tumors