{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }

Anaphy Chapter 3 Flashcards

(38 cards)

1
Q

Define Cell Structure

A

specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe cytoplasm

A

jelly-like substance that holds organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Cell Membrane

A

also termed plasma membrane
a structure that encloses the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the Functions of the Cell

A

smallest units if life
cell metabolism and energy use
synthesis of molecules
reproduction and inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What includes the mechanisms; diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

A

passive membrane transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What includes the mechanisms; active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis

A

active membrane transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diffusion generally involves movement of substances in a solution down a _________?

A

concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is concentration gradient

A

the difference in the concentration of solvent and solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the diffusion of water (a solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration

A

osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is called when osmosis exerts a pressure

A

osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is it called when theres more concentration of solute inside a cell

A

hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is called when a cell has the same solute concentrations inside and outside

A

isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a carrier-mediated process that requires ATP

A

active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the process that brings materials into a cell using vesicles

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule and is transported into the cell

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is often used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested

17
Q

What has much smaller vesicles formed and contain liquid rather than solid particles

18
Q

What is the process that involves the use of secretory vesicles

19
Q

What are the membrane-bound sacs used during exocytosis called

A

secretory vesicles

20
Q

What is involved in protein synthesis and is rough due to attached ribosomes

21
Q

What has no attached ribosomes and is a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, and it stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells

22
Q

What is the process which synthesizes a protein by using the information in a gene

A

gene expression

23
Q

What is a DNA molecule consisted of

A

nucleotides joined together to form 2 nucleotide strands

24
Q

What involves copying DNA into messenger RNA

A

transcription

25
What involves messenger RNA being used to produce a protein
Translation
26
What are the 2 categories of Nitrogenous Bases and list what they contain for both
Purines - adenine, guanine Pyrimidines - cytosine, uracil, thymine
27
List the DNA and RNA nucleotides pairs
DNA thymine and RNA adenine DNA adenine and RNA uracil DNA cytosine and RNA guanine DNA guanine and RNA cytosine
28
What occurs to increase the number of cells or replace damaged or dying one
cell division
29
What are the 2 major phases in the cell cycle
interphase and mitosis
30
How many pairs of chromosomes does each human cell contain (except sperm and egg cells)
23 pairs, total of 46
31
How many total chromosomes do the sperm and egg contain
23
32
If a pair of chromosomes consists of 2 X chromosomes, what is the gender of the person
female
33
If a pair of chromosomes consists of 1 X and 1 Y chromosomes, what is the gender of the person
male
34
What are the 4 phases is mitosis divided into
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
35
What is the process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions called
differentiation
36
What is termed programmed cell death
apoptosis
37
List the Cellular Aspects of Aging
existence of a cellular clock presence of death genes DNA damage formation of free radicals mitochondrial damage
38
What are abnormal proliferations of cells
tumors