Anaphy Chapter 3 Flashcards
(38 cards)
Define Cell Structure
specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions
Describe cytoplasm
jelly-like substance that holds organelles
Describe Cell Membrane
also termed plasma membrane
a structure that encloses the cytoplasm
List the Functions of the Cell
smallest units if life
cell metabolism and energy use
synthesis of molecules
reproduction and inheritance
What includes the mechanisms; diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
passive membrane transport
What includes the mechanisms; active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis
active membrane transport
Diffusion generally involves movement of substances in a solution down a _________?
concentration gradient
What is concentration gradient
the difference in the concentration of solvent and solution
What is the diffusion of water (a solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration
osmosis
What is called when osmosis exerts a pressure
osmotic pressure
What is it called when theres more concentration of solute inside a cell
hypotonic
What is called when a cell has the same solute concentrations inside and outside
isotonic
What is a carrier-mediated process that requires ATP
active transport
What is the process that brings materials into a cell using vesicles
endocytosis
What occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule and is transported into the cell
receptor-mediated endocytosis
What is often used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested
phagocytosis
What has much smaller vesicles formed and contain liquid rather than solid particles
Pinocytosis
What is the process that involves the use of secretory vesicles
exocytosis
What are the membrane-bound sacs used during exocytosis called
secretory vesicles
What is involved in protein synthesis and is rough due to attached ribosomes
rough ER
What has no attached ribosomes and is a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, and it stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells
smooth ER
What is the process which synthesizes a protein by using the information in a gene
gene expression
What is a DNA molecule consisted of
nucleotides joined together to form 2 nucleotide strands
What involves copying DNA into messenger RNA
transcription