AnaPhy of Phonation

Question 1

More commonly known as the “Voice box” as it houses the vocal folds

Answer 1

Larynx

Question 2

Larynx is located at the middle of the _____ and the ____

Answer 2

Hyoid bone and the trachea

Question 3

3 Unpaired Cartilages (ETC)

Answer 3

Epiglottis, Thyroid, and Cricoid

Question 4

Drops to cover the larynx opening during swallowing via aryepiglottic muscle

Answer 4

Epiglottis

Question 5

Largest laryngeal cartilage

Answer 5

Thyroid

Question 6

Laryngeal Prominence is more commonly known as _____

Answer 6

Adam’s apple

Question 7

Below the thyroid cartilage

Answer 7

Cricoid

Question 8

3 Paired Cartilages (CCA)

Answer 8

Cuneiform, Corniculate, Arytenoid

Question 9

Provides additional degree of integrity to the larynx

Answer 9

Cuneiform

Question 10

Sits on top of the arytenoid cartilage

Function: more for structure and rigidity

Answer 10

Corniculate

Question 11

Paired cartilage that looks like a pyramid

Answer 11

Arytenoid

Question 12

Anterior process of the Arytenoid that attaches to the vocal ligament of the vocal folds

Answer 12

Vocal Process

Question 13

Anterior process of the Arytenoid that forms attachment to important muscles for abduction and adduction of the vocal folds

Answer 13

Muscular Process

Question 14

Allows gliding and rocking motion of the arytenoid cartilage against the cricoid cartilage which helps tense/adduct the vocal folds

Answer 14

Cricoarytenoid joint

Question 15

Muscles wherein both its origin and insertion are on laryngeal cartilages

Muscles affect VF movement

Answer 15

Intrinsic Muscles

Question 16

Sole abductors

Clue: Pag mag-isa ka, mas gusto mo nasa likod ka → POSTERIOR

Answer 16

Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle

Question 17

Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle aids in ____ and ____

Answer 17

Movement of air and production of voiceless consonants

Question 18

ADDUCTS Vocal Folds

Aids in medial compression

Answer 18

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle

Question 19

ADDUCTS Vocal Folds
Aids in medial compression
Looks like a band
Brings two arytenoid cartilages together

Answer 19

Transverse Arytenoid

Question 20

ADDUCTS Vocal Folds
Aids in medial compression
Aids in pulling epiglottis to close

CLUE: WAKANDA FOREVER

Answer 20

Oblique Arytenoid

Question 21

Depresses thyroid relative to cricoid
Stretches & stiffens vocal folds

Answer 21

Cricothyroid

Question 22

Innervation of the

Answer 22

Vagus (CN 10), Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Question 23

From thyroarytenoid muscle
Tenses vocal folds

Answer 23

Thyrovocalis

Question 24

Innervation of all intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except Cricothyroid

Answer 24

Vagus (CN 10), RLN

Question 25

Opening of the vocal folds CLUE: (B)ukas

Answer 25

aBduction

Question 26

Closing of the vocal folds CLUE: (D)ikit

Answer 26

aDduction

Question 27

Muscles with only one attachment on laryngeal cartilages

Answer 27

Extrinsic Muscles

Question 28

List muscles that elevates the larynx CLUE: Got Good Moves Super Happy Dances

Answer 28

Geniohyoid, Genioglossus, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Hyoglossus, Digastricus Anterior/ Posterior

Question 29

List muscles that depresses the larynx CLUE: TOSS

Answer 29

Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid

Question 30

Key in gaining laryngeal control

Answer 30

Laryngeal Stability

Question 31

The larynx is intimately linked via the hyoid bone to the tongue - therefore, _____ is translated directly to the larynx

Answer 31

tongue movement

Question 32

During infancy, larynx is e____.

Answer 32

elevated

Question 33

Elevation of the larynx during infancy helps facilitate __________ needed for nursing

Answer 33

anterior tongue protrusion

Question 34

At what age does the larynx start to descend

Answer 34

2 years old

Question 35

Modulate the flow of air expelled from the lungs during phonation

Answer 35

Vocal folds

Question 36

Space in the middle of the VF

Answer 36

Rima glottidis / glottis

Question 37

What is the most important function of the larynx?

Answer 37

Protection of the airway

Question 38

Deep inhalation through widely abducted vocal folds → high pressure of forced expiration blows the adducted vocal folds apart

Answer 38

Coughing

Question 39

Build pressure in the subglottal region (under the VF) and clamp the vocal folds shut to restrain the pressure

Answer 39

Throat Clearing

Question 40

When the reflex is triggered, the larynx elevates, and the epiglottis drops down to cover the opening

Answer 40

Swallowing

Question 41

Determined by the frequency of vocal fold vibration

Answer 41

Pitch

Question 42

Strength of the forces within a given material

Answer 42

Stiffness

Question 43

↑ stiffness _____ frequency

Answer 43

↑

Question 44

Amount of matter in material

Answer 44

Mass

Question 45

↑ mass ___ frequency

Answer 45

↓

Question 46

Length ↑ length __ frequency

Answer 46

↑

Question 47

An individual's typical pitch; lowest frequency produced by the vocal folds

Answer 47

Fundamental Frequency

Question 48

Why do males have a lower fundamental frequency than females?

Answer 48

Because they have greater muscle mass, longer vocal fold length

Question 49

Fundamental frequency increase comes from stretching and tensing the vocal folds using the ____ and the ____ muscles. [TENSORS]

Answer 49

Cricothyroid and thyrovocalis

Question 50

Determined by the intensity of vocal fold opening during a cycle of vibration

Answer 50

Loudness

Question 51

Theory that states that increased speed of air passing between the vocal folds creates a suction effect that brings the vocal folds together.

Answer 51

Bernoulli Effect

Question 52

Bernoulli Effect states that VF movement is not only driven by muscular effort (adduction and abduction of muscles), but it is also greatly driven by what?

Answer 52

Air pressure (subglottal pressure)

Question 53

Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory - Mechanism of phonation underlies what 2 elements?

Answer 53

Muscles and Airflow = sustained vibration of the VF during phonation

Question 54

Theory that states wave-like movement of the vocal fold cover (epithelium and superficial layer of the lamina propria) during vibration

Answer 54

Mucosal Wave Action

Question 55

Movement of the VF

Answer 55

Inferior to superior

Question 56

VF that vibrates to produce sounds

Answer 56

True vocal folds

Question 57

Separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway

Answer 57

Aryepiglottic folds

Question 58

Vibrate only at low freq. Compresses during coughing and lifting

Answer 58

Ventricular (false) vocal folds