AnaPhy of Respiration Flashcards by Regina Tayag

Speech System: Biological need that we have as humans in order to survive

Respiration

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Speech System: voicing; Happens through vibration of the vocal folds

Phonation

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Speech System: How our voice quality is made

Resonation

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Speech System: Product of when our articulators come in contact with one another to create speech sounds

Articulation

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What are the Speech Systems?

Respiration, Phonation, Resonation, Articulation

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Frameworks of Respiration includes…

Bony thorax, Visceral thorax, and Muscles

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Bony thorax
- Supports body’s physical structure
- Provides attachment to muscles through its processes

Vertebral Column

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Bony thorax
- Provides the basis for respiratory framework
- Form point of attachment for the ribs and bony thorax

Thoracic Vertebrae

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The joint between the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs allows for a ___ motion that enables the ribs to L___ R_____ against the vertebrae. This allows the ribs to _____ during _____→ rib cage expands → brings more volume of air in (necessary for gas exchange mechanism)

Gliding motion, laterally rotate, flare out, inspiration

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Can flare out via lateral rotation d/t vertebral articulation

Ribs and Rib Cage

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Rib Cage has a chondral portions attached to the ___

Sternum

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12 ribs are classified as:

True (1-7), False (8-10), Floating (11-12)

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Chondral portion has ___ properties that allows for the ribs to twist along the long axis without breaking

Elastic

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Breast bone

Sternum

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3 parts of Sternum

Manubrium Sterni, Corpus Sterni, and Xiphoid Process

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Part of sternum that has facets that articulate with clavicle & first rib

Manubrium Sterni

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Part of sternum that is attached to more ribs via cartilage

Corpus Sterni

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Part of sternum that is the junction w/ corpus is where Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed

Xiphoid Process

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3 Respiratory Passageways

Mouth, Nose, Trachea

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Known as the “windpipe”

Trachea

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Trachea is made of…

Hyaline cartilage rings, smooth muscle, and mucous membrane lining

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Trachea bifurcates/ divides into:

Right and Left bronchi

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Angle of the right bronchi

20° - 30° angle

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Angle of the left bronchi

45° - 55° angle

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Which bronchi is more susceptible to foreign bodies?

Right Bronchi

Has cough receptors that are highly sensitive in the presence of foreign bodies; Known as our last line of defense since it occurs before the bifurcation of the right and left bronchi

Carina trachaea

Directly posterior to the trachea; In a collapsed condition unless occupied by bolus

Esophagus

Directly posterior to the trachea

Esophagus

Soft, spongy, porous elastic structures with specialized tissue for gas exchange

Lungs

Which lung is broader, bigger, shorter

Right lung

Increasingly smaller tubes that progress into the depths of the lungs

Secondary and Tertiary Bronchi

Where does the Secondary and Tertiary Bronchi end?

Terminal respiratory bronchioles

Final respiratory gas exchange region

Alveoli

Most protected region in the body; House the heart and other vital structures

Mediastinum

Respiration process

Air → comes in the nasal and oral cavities → passes through the trachea → trachea bifurcates into right and left main bronchi → supply right and left lungs → (within the lungs) secondary and tertiary bronchi (end at the terminal respiratory bronchioles → alveoli

Boyle's Law: Pressure and volume have an ___ relationship

Inverse

Gases like oxygen will only move _____ the pressure gradient

down

Explain the syringe analogy for the Boyle's Law

Pull the barrel down, the volume increases → Pressure turns negative compared to the outside pressure so the gas will rush in Push the barrel up, the volume decreases → Pressure turns positive compared to the outside pressure so the gas will move out

Primary muscle for inspiration (quiet breathing)

Diaphragm

What happens to the diaphragm when we inhale?

Contracts, flattens, moves downward

Innervation of the Diaphragm

Phrenic Nerve (C3, C4, C5)

Muscles that move UP and OUT to expand ribcage during quiet breathing CLUE: EXCITED

External Intercostals

Muscles that only have some participation/involvement during inspiration via the interchondral portion

Internal Intercostals

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elevates sternum, rib cage

Sternocleidomastoid

Accessory muscles during inspiration that elevates rib cage

Serratus Posterior Sup. Levatores Costarum

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elevates upper ribs

Scalenus

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elongates neck

Trapezius

Accessory muscle during inspiration that increases transverse dimension of ribs

Pectoralis Major

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elevates rib 1

Minor Subclavius

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elevates scapula

Levator Scapulae

Accessory muscles during inspiration that stabilizes shoulder girdle

Rhomboideus Major, Minor

What happens to the diaphragm when we exhale?

Relax and return to its dome-shape

What happens to the rib cage muscles when we exhale?

Relax

Primary muscle of expiration Compress the rib cage CLUE: When you’re feeling DOWN/ DEPRESSED you want to stay INdoors

Internal Intercostals

Accessory muscles during expiration that depresses rib cage

Transversus Thoracis Serratus Posterior Inf. Subcostal

Accessory muscle during expiration that stabilizes abdominal wall

Latissimus Dorsi

Accessory muscles during expiration that compresses abdomen

Transversus Abdominis Internal & External Oblique Quadratus Lumborum

Accessory muscle during expiration that flexes vertebral column

Rectus Abdominis

Accessory muscle during expiration that flexes vertebral column

Rectus Abdominis

1 Respiratory Cycle involves ___

Inspiration AND Expiration

An adult completes ____ cycles of respiration PER MINUTE

12-18 cycles

Amount of air that we breathe in and out during quiet breathing

Tidal volume (TV)

Amount of air that we can maximally try to inhale

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Volume of air that we can maximally try to exhale

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

No matter how much we try to exhale, there is always an amount of air that will be left in our lungs

Residual Volume (RV)

Combination of 2 or more lung volumes

Lung capacities

Formula for Inspiratory Capacity

TV + IRV

Formula for Functional Residual Capacity

ERV + RV

Formula for Vital Capacity

IRV + TV + ERV

Formula for Total Lung Capacity

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

For continuous speech, we need ___ pressure

constant

Inhalation takes __% of the cycle, exhalation takes ___%

40% ; 60%

Loud speech needs pressure, ___ is key

increased initial volume

AnaPhy of Respiration Flashcards

(73 cards)