anarchism Flashcards
(9 cards)
Human nature
p1:agree REJECT STATE/ANARCHY IS ORDER: both agree that the state perverts human nature though for different reasons. individualist believ that the state is coercive and prevents freedom of thought and rationality. without state there would be freedom and order. people would be free to act how they like so not have unrest hence state is cause not solution. COLLECTIVIST argue the state causes competition through hierarchy and capitalism whicb prevenst our cooperative tendencies. without state we would fulfill true human nature and reach natural order. the current rder is falsely bound by patriotism.
p2:disagree ECONOMY- individualist anarchists believe in atomism and ruthless self interst. due to our human nature we would form union of egosist and be free to pursue rationality through welfare maximisation in the free market. economic order due to freedom but also knwoeldge of capabilitis of self interested humans. collectivists believe that our human nature is social and cooperative so would e achiedved trhough collective ownership e.g. mutual aid existsed because we are prgrammed to avoid competition.
p3: disagree UTOPIAN: both utopian but for diff reasons. collectivists have an unrealistic view of human nature because it is unliley that we would cooperat ase vident with failed workers control after spansih revolution. they also utopian as use ideal human nature to show how it is being perverted in the current state run society. individualist also utopian because power corrupts those who yeild it and seeing as money=power, the ability to accumilate prate property would crreate inequality and unrest. also, they use it as critique of how state blunts rationality and freedom which are both human nature
the state
p1: HUMAN NATURE- both agree it is distorting but for diff reasons, see above. i.e. coercive and prevents freedom so causes unrest. anarchy order without it as our true huamn nature is better.
p2: agree ECONOMY: they both believe that the state should not be involved in the economy because it is coercive and prevents freedom though for very diff reasons. collectivists due to competition from capitalism and the inequality it creates meaning for true human nature and true economic freedom, collective ownership through mutual aid was needed. individualists believe that the state should not be involved in the economy because it impinged upon freedoms to act completely in self interest and be able to keep property etc.
p3:HOW TO REJECT- collectivists all believed that it was needed through violence and mass resistance. bakunin believed that the state was ingerently oppressive and would use vielnce so violece needed to counter. quote. kropotkin also came to realise vioemce would be necessary and goldman agreed. striner believed instead in individual insurrection as anything else distorted freedom and autonomy. proudhon rejdtec vience. not much agreement as kropotkin believed in education and constructuive cooperation as the best option.
society
p1: ANARCHY IS ORDER anarchy would be order in a stateless society because society would be cooperative. face to face intercations in mutual aid and ensuring everyone had enough. the mutualism through coopetiaves and peoples banks would further enable this. individualists believe that anarchy would be order as society would be made up of individuals prusuing their self interest and thus would not be furtsrtaed or disorderd. they would join in union of egoists.
p2:STATE- they completely reject the role of teh state in society because it perverts human nature both our collective self tendencies and individualistic ration. the state was the reason for our probles and domiannce and submission prevented freedom. indiivudlaists argued we had no freedom of thuought eitehr which blunted rationality.
p3: UTOPIA- the idea of society was utopian because it was unrelastic and vague. the systems used such as mtual aid and union of egosist simply did not make sense and wouldn’t be likely to play out in the real world. shown through the fact there is inequality in a capitalist sysetm so with free market its worsened. instead there would be unrest because of the equality created, and the idea we would cooperate and follow a social order is a distant dream.
the economy
p1: STATE- both agree that the state should not be involved and the reason this is the case is due to the competition/lack of freedom explained above. though ultimately disagree on why the state shouldn;t be involved due to differneces in human nature.
p2: ECONOMIC SYSTEM/ FREEDOM: they disagree due to different beleifs in human nature. individualists believe that there would be free market system to allow for rationality and complete freedom. individuals may pay tax and more likley because it is voluntary so not disorder and inequality. kroptkin argued for mutual aid because it wss the natural product of human nature where there is avoidance of competition. works with gift economies and collective ownership and boost morale so leads to higher productivity. ensures FREEDOM. whilst seems disagreement, PROUHDON does bridge the gap. he beleievs proerty is theft though market based system still
p3: UTOPIA- collectivist anarchists systems are utopian because they have not worked in real life and they are vague. how peoples banks would ensure the entire order. also, mutual aid not clear and unlikley because we are collectivist. individualist union of egosits is unlikley too because we are greedy and power corrupts those who weild it. its also vague and unclear because if its voluntary then it would break down. BUT not similar in terms of why
rejection of the state
p1: AGREE-HUMAN NATURE. both agree that the state must cease to exist because it perverts human nature and is corrupting though believe this for diff reasons. collectivist argue that it pits individuals agaisnt each other through competition and dominance and submission, as well as patriotism and millitraism, preventing us from being collective and naturally bound by human sociability. individualists beleieve human ration is prevneted due to being forced how to think and the prusuit of self inteerest was also inhibited. we lack freedom to think/act.
p2: ECONOMY- both believe that teh state should not be involved in the economy and through this, there would be economic order. collectivists rejected state economy because they beleievd it would continue to be explotative and the dominance and submision would enforce competition. instead, kropotkin argued for mutual aid economy where everyone would cooperate and it would be ordered due to being voluntary. individualists believed statlesss economy would ensure freedom where idniuvlsas could prusue their own goals but still be ordered due to union of egosists. they would excercise their rationality and have liberty.
p3: UTOPIA- stateless society is used as pejorative for both. individualists criticised for belief that voluntary taxes and cooperation for self interest would work as we are ruthlessly self interested as capitalism and tax evasion shows. also utopian to highlight so called lack of liberty that individuals have in state enforced economy. and, union of egosts is vague. collectivists also deemed utopian because unlikley that we would all cooperate and not get greedy, also when anarcho-syndicalism was attempted, it failed in spain. also used to crtique the state in the disrder and unrest it creates rather than prevents
liberty
p1:REJECTION OF STATE- both reject the state on the basis that it erodes freedoms. for individualists there is no freedom because they are forced to believe in values from indoctrination such as state and religion. the dominance and submission of state prevents the conciousness to escape the cycle and also traps individuals so lack of freedom. they are also forced to be art of society so they cannot excercsie self interest and finaly, they did not choose to be born into state so no legteate authority. collectivists reject state on pricniple of freedpm as it prevents us being free to be social which is our true collectivist human nature. we are focred to obey the state trhough patriotism and “club, gun, prison and handcuff.”
p2: ECONOMIC FREEDOM- individualists believe this would be achieved in an anarcho capitalist system where there is a free market and indivisual can puruse their rationality to maximise welfare. striners union of egoists. nobody is forced to pay any taxes either. collectivists beleievd economic freedom would be achieevd trhough abolishing capitalism as equality meant freedom to puruse economic choices. BUT mutualism did still beleiev in the markets, though still were not doen so for profit.
P3: HOW TO ACHIEVE-collectivists believed generally that due to cooperatve humann nature and beliefe in a socitey, they would organise together in mass revolutions. revolts needed because the state was violent so needed violence to overcome it. “the passion for destruction is a creative passion.” however, individualist anarchists believe society is atomistic so nobody should give up their won values for a collective goal. as such freedomw as acheievd through individual insurrection. striner-“i am the owner of my might.” this would be trhought the non payment of taxes.
anarchy is order
p1:ECONOMIC FREEDOM- because indiivduals would have liberty in the economy through for colelctivits, mutualism or mutual aid which mant equality, there would ensue an economic order. people would cooperate and ensure evryone had enough. similalry, max striners union of egosist would ensure that the ruthlessly self interested individuals pursuing their welfare maximisation were still ordered. knowing human capabilities, they would not abuse freedoms. people would not be frustrated that they had to pay taxes etc. Also, rothbard with protection being privately provided
p2: REJECTION OF STATE/HUMAN NATURE- they reject the state because they believe that anarchy would be ordered without it. individualists believe this is the case because humans would not be frustrated de to a lack of freedom and we are rational so order is in the best interests. there would be freedom from dominance and submission and indocrtination which prevented people thinking from themsleves. collectivists reject the state and believe anarchy is order because we are coopertaive an dsocial and the state pits us ainst each other enforcing competition which is why there is disorder. it falsely binds us through patriotism but real unity formed from human nature. a natural order ensues as kropotkin argued we are programmed to avoid comp. can be seen as UTOPAIN critique of state’s current issues
p3: UTOPIA- there is also pejorative of utopia in that many argue it to be unrealistic. the natural order collectivist argue is unlikley as cooperation that gives up self interest has been shown by capitalism to be untrue. also state binds individuals to cooperate without it and patriotism they wouldn’t. similalry, individualist rejection of the state is utopian because we would be greedy and unlikley to even form union of egoisits. even if we did, they would break down quickly due to the fact people leave as soon as they are satisfied.
economic freedom
P1: STATELESS SYSTEM- they differ in what type but agree that the state should not be involved to ensure freedom. collectivists believe in mutual aid because of our human nature being cooperative and social so we seek to pursue equality. this ensures economic freedom as nobody is captivated by poverty like in dominance and submission enforced by state. individualists believe in anarcho capitalism being economic freedom because everything is voluntary and indiivudals free to pursue their rational self interest and welfare maximisation.
P2:ANARCHY IS ORDER- they agree that anarchy would be ordered with economic freedom though for diff reasons. individualist believe that we would be more rational because we can actually excercise it in the free market which means we would avoid destruction and violent competition. also we would not be frustrated by the lack of liberty so wouldn’t cause unrest. anarchy would be ordered through the union of egoists. collectivists believed anarchy would be ordered as we are predisposed for cooperation and so would follow the natural order that is to avoid compeition. done through mutual aid as gift societies were small communities goverened by face to face interactions and democracy, as well as voluntary entrance if people felt they were noe represented.
P3: UTOPIAN- both have been criticised for being unrelatsic and impratcical which means economic system is not likley in real world. union of egosist is vague and competition would be rife, as would be inequality so the lack of economic freedom would only be exacebated. simiallry, colllectivist anarchists would not cooperate without some material gratification and we like profits etc, hence mutualism and mutual aid would fail.
utopia
P1:REJECTION OF THE STATE due to FREEDOM- they use a utopian society to critique the state and justify its rejection. collectivists argue for an ideal society in which indiviudals, are free socially and in the economy. socially because there’s no domiannce and submission so they can pirusue collectivism, and economically as there would be equality so nobody captavted by cycle of poverty. individuals would not be perverted by competiton enforced by state and would be free. similalry, individualist anarchists believe that without a state individuals would be truly free and excercise rationality they would not be forced to believe in religion or values taight in schoolm and there would be no undue authoiry where indiviudals havent chosen. also, no unrest due to lack of freedom.
p2:ECONOMY- both have citicisms of being utopian because their economic systems are vague and impratcial. union of egosists proposed by striner wouldn;t work as if everyone left when they were statisfied, this would break down immediately. also, inividuals would not voluntraily give tax as shown by capitalist society through tax evasion. he neevr elaborates so unclear how it would work irl. simiallry, collectivist mutualism is utopian because unlikley to be able to oerthwo the cpaitalist structures. it also failed in spain.
P3: ANARCHY IS ORDER due to HUMAN NATURE- collectivist anarchists use human nature and an ordered society to highlight the issues with current state and how it perverts our collectivist pricniples. they believe we are born to cooperate and bound because of sociability and means that economy would be ordered because we avoid competition through natural order. did not need to be artifically bound by partiotism enforced by state. state is pribelm not solution of disorder. individualist anarchists believe that anrchy would be ordered as we would excercise our individuslaistic self inetrest but knwong capabilities, avoid ruthless competition and would be ordered as union of egoists and voluntary taxation.
