ANAT102A - 1ST LONG QUIZ

Question 1

What are the animals included in the study of Comparative Veterinary Anatomy?

Answer 1

Ox/catle, Horse, Pig, Sheep, Goat, Dog, Cat, Chicken

Question 2

It deals with body parts visible to the naked eye.

Answer 2

Gross Anatomy

Question 3

It is a study that deals with the parts that are visible under microscope in contrast to gross anatomy.

Answer 3

Microscopic Anatomy/Histology

Question 4

What are the organ cells we usually study in Microscopic Anatomy/Histology?

Answer 4

Blood Cells, Hepato cells (liver cells), Osteocytes (bone cells), Enterocytes (intestinal cells)

Question 5

What are the 7 sub-branches of Gross Veterinary Anatomy and their meaning?

Answer 5

(OMASAAN)
Osteology - study of bones
Mylogy - study of muscles
Arthrology/Syndesmology - study of joints and articulation
Splanchnology - study of visceral organs (Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary)
Aethesiology - study of special senses (ears, eye)
Arthrology - study of circulatory
Neurology - study of neurons structure

Question 6

It deals with the similarities and differences between body parts of animals

Answer 6

Comparative Veterinary Anatomy

Question 7

It is the basic structural and functional unit of life capable of performing series of physical and chemical processes for survival

Answer 7

Cell

Question 8

Physical, chemical, and toxic changes of cell can lead to different _________.

Answer 8

Cellular Adaptation

Question 9

What are the 6 types of Cellular Adaptation?

Answer 9

(AHHMADN)
1. Atrophy
2. Hypertrophy
3. Hyperplasia
4. Metaplasia
5. Anaplasia
6. Dysplasia
7. Neoplasia

Question 10

It is a qualitative decrease in size of cell (5 micrometer - 3 micrometer)

Answer 10

Atrophy

Question 11

It is a qualitative increase in size of a cell (3 micrometer - 5 micrometer)

Answer 11

Hypertrophy

Question 12

It is a quantitative increase in number of cells (10 cells - 15 cells)

Answer 12

Hyperplasia

Question 13

Transformation of one type of cell to another (cuboidal - columnar)

Answer 13

Metaplasia

Question 14

Reinversion of a cell to a more primitive and undifferentiated cell type.

Answer 14

Anaplasia

Question 15

Abnormality in size, shape, and orientation of cell.

Answer 15

Dysplasia

Question 16

Abnormality in cell structure; hallmark of tumor and cancer cells

Answer 16

Neoplasia

Question 17

Collective term for different substances that make up a cell. A bacterial, fungi, or plant cell that has had its cell wall completely or partially removed using either enzymatic or mechanical means

Answer 17

Protoplasm

Question 18

What makes up protoplasm?

Answer 18

1. H20/water
2. Protein
3. Fats/Lipids
4. Carbohydrates
5. Electrolytes

Question 19

The principal fluid medium of the protoplasm consisting (70%-80% cell mass)

Answer 19

H2O/Water

Question 20

2nd most abundant substance (10%-20% cell mass)

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

What are the 2 types of protein and their description?

Answer 21

Fibrous Protein - Fibrilar form
Globular protein - Has individual protein molecules/Globular

Question 22

Phospholipid and cholesterol are the most important part of the cell (2% cell mass).

Answer 22

Lipids/Fats

Question 23

What is the storage form of lipids or fat in the cell?

Answer 23

Triglycerides or neutral cells

Question 24

Little structural function but provide most of the nutritional requirement of the cell

Answer 24

Carbohydrates

Question 25

Simplest form of the carbohydrates and it is use for cellular metabolism and energy production.

Answer 25

Glucose

Question 26

Storage form of carbohydrates and usually stored in liver and skeletal muscle.

Answer 26

Glycogen

Question 27

Inorganic chemical for cellular respiration. And what are the 2 types of it?

Answer 27

Electrolytes 1. Cation - Positively charged 2. Anion - Negatively charged

Question 28

What are the example of cation?

Answer 28

Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Magnesium (Mg) Calcium (Ca)

Question 29

What are the examples of anion?

Answer 29

1. Chloride (Cl-) 2. Sulfate (SO4) 3. Phosphate (PO4) 4. Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 30

2 Types of Cells and their definition

Answer 30

1. Somatic cells - all cell in the body except germ cells; undergoes Mitosis which results in diploid (2n) chromosomes. 2. Germ/Sex Cells/Gametes - sperm cell and egg cells' undergoes Meiosis which results in haploid (n) chromosomes.

Question 31

What are the 2 phases of Cell Cycle?

Answer 31

1. Interphase - the longest phase of the cell cycle 2. Cell Division

Question 32

1. Before DNA Synthesis 2. During DNA Synthesis 3. After DNA Synthesis

Answer 32

1. G1 Phase 2. S Phase 3. G2 Phase

Question 33

What is the correct arrangement of cell division?

Answer 33

PMAT (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)

Question 34

Condensation of nuclear material, nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappearance.

Answer 34

Prophase

Question 35

Chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate

Answer 35

Metaphase

Question 36

Sister chromatids attaches to spindle fibers and moves toward the opposite poles

Answer 36

Anaphase

Question 37

2 daughter cells are formed, nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappearance.

Answer 37

Telophase

Question 38

Outer permeable layer of the cell

Answer 38

Cell membrane

Question 39

Boat/sausage shaped organelle; Krebs cycle is involved wherein it produces 36 ATP

Answer 39

Mitochondria

Question 40

Contains fluid medium (cytosol); suspends the organelle

Answer 40

Cytoplasm

Question 41

Contains hydrolase; contains an array of degradative enzymes which breakdown almost all the biological polymers inside the cell.

Answer 41

Lysosome

Question 42

It contains oxidose, an enzyme which carry out oxidation reactions and breakdown metabolic hydrogen peroxide

Answer 42

Peroxisome

Question 43

Has ribosomes embedded on it. Its main function is to synthesis proteins

Answer 43

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 44

Synthesizes lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates

Answer 44

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticlum (SER)

Question 45

Crescent/half moon shaped; packaging center of the cell which packages the protein and other substances from RER and SER

Answer 45

Golgi Apparatus

Question 46

Helps in and guides spindle fiber during meiosis and mitosis

Answer 46

Centriole

Question 47

Storage of minerals, proteins, and pigments

Answer 47

Vacuole

Question 48

1. Contains DNA (chromosomes) 2. Contains RNA 3. Liquid content of the nucleus 4. pores/barrier that limits the passages between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 48

1. Nucleus 2. Nucleolus 3. Nuclear Sap 4. Nuclear Membrane/Porus Nuclear Membrane

Question 49

It is the study of bone

Answer 49

Osteology

Question 50

What and how many percentage comprises the bone?

Answer 50

* 30% - 35% - organic framework made up of protein collagen and polysaccharide, GAG/glycosaminoglycan which contain chrondoitin sulfate * 65% - 70% - inorganic framework (CaPO4 - 80%; CaCO3 & MgPO4- - 20%)

Question 51

What are the functions of Bones?

Answer 51

1. Movement of skeletal framework 2. Support the skeletal muscles 3. Protects the soft internal organs 4. Storage of calcium and phosphorus minerals under influence of hormones * calcitonin - lowers the blood calcium * Parathormone/pth - increases the blood calcium 5. Blood cell formation in the bone marrow

Question 52

1. Bones along the longitudinal axis 2. Give the examples under this bone

Answer 52

1. Axial Skeleton 2. Skull, Vertebral column, Ribs, Sternum

Question 53

1. Bones of the appendages 2. Give the examples under this bone

Answer 53

1. Appendicular Bones 2. Anterior Limb * Shoulder Girdle - Scapula, Clavicle, Coracoid * Arm - Humerus * Forearm - Radius and Ulna * Manus - Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges 3. Posterior Limb * Pelvic Girdle/Os coxae - ilium, ischium, Pubis * Thigh - femur * True leg/Crus - Tibia and Fibula * Pes - Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

Question 54

1. Bones in viscera/soft internal organs 2. Examples under this bone

Answer 54

1. Splanchnic Skeleton 2. Os baculum/os penis - dog Os Rostri - snout of pigs Os Cordis - heart of ox Entoglossal bone - skull of chicken