Anatomic Overview of the Kidneys Flashcards
(27 cards)
Name the 4 parts of the kidney
- Glomeruli
- Tubules
- Interstitium
- Vascular
Production of urine “equation”
Urine=Filtration + Secretion (add what you dont want) - Reabsorption (subtract what you do want to keep)
- Where is filtrate produced?
- Fine tuning of substances?
- Add & subtract large volumes of substances?
- Reabsorb (conserve) water
- Glomerulus
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
Location of right kidney
& Left.
Retroperitoneal, R. is cranial
Dog: R is attached, ~T12-L1/ L is slightly caudal
Cat: Pendulous, R L1-4/ L2-5
Describe path urine flows from nephrons
Nephrons–> collecting ducts –> pelvis (extension of proximal ureter) –> proximal ureter
Pelvis/ureter lined by transitional epithelium/sm. muscle
What are the greatest, moderate, and least perfused areas of kidney?
Renal cortex> Outer medulla > Inner medulla
List the renal vessel blood vessel sequence.
Renal artery–> dorsal & ventral rami –>interlobar arteries –> arcuate a. (corticomedullary jxn) –> interlobular a. –> afferent arterioles –> glomerular capillaries –> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillaries –> vasa recta –> venous return back to renal v.
Why do the kidneys receive such a large proportion of the CO ?
A. B/c the kidney have an unusally high demand for O2
B. B/c it permits kidneys to produce a large quantity of glomerular filtrate
C. So that the kidneys can monitor adequacy of the RBC mass.
D. All of the above
Answer B. B/c it permits the kidneys to produce a large quantity of glomerular filtrate
How does changing the resistance of the pre- and post- capillary bed sphincters separately affect kidney fxn?
?
How does pressure and flow in the glomerulus affect the peritubular capillaries?
?
What is unique to the cortex?
Has glomeruli
What comprises the “inner stripe” of the outer medulla?
Thick descending tubule & thin ascending.
What comprises the inner medulla?
All thin Loop of Henle
3 cell types in the Glomerulus: (layers that contribute to separation of blood/plasma from glomerular filtrate)
- Endothelial cells
- Mesangial cells (fxn like muscle cells, phagocytic fxn)
- Visceral epithelial cells (Podocytes)
What are the four layers filtrate must pass through to move from blood to the Bowmans space.
- Endothelial slime layer
- Endothelium
- Glomerular Basement Memb.
- Podocytes. (Epithelial cells)
What are the principle sites of ultrafiltration?
- the GBM
2. Slit processes of the podocytes
What is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule?
- 70% of the filtered volume
- all AA, glucose and HCO3 and filtered protein, -phosphate (under PTH control)
What substances is the distal tubule responsible for fine tuning?
Fine control of:
- Na (aldosterone)
- K (aldosterone)
- Ca (PTH)
- H (aldosterone)
What does ADH control in the collecting duct?
ADH controls:
- Water permeability
- Urea permeability
- Water is reabsorbed b/c of hyperosmotic gradient
Describe the apical border of the Proximal Convoluted tubules.
Apical intercellular tight jxns
brush border
Describe the basal border of the PCT
Intercellular interdigitations, prominent mitochondria
Where is the Macula Densa located? Its fxn?
Located in the distal tubule adjacent to the Afferent Arteriole and Efferent Arteriole (vascular pole)
It detects the conc. of NaCl
Where is the Juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole- it regulates blood pressure and filtration rate of glomerulus
What do juxtaglomerular cells secrete? What effect does it have?
Renin- secreted when pressure is low, it inc. BP via RAAS
