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Unit 2 > Anatomic Spaces > Flashcards

Anatomic Spaces Flashcards

1
Q

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

A

Potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura where the costal pleura reflects back towards the diaphragmatic pleura at the at the inferior tips of the pleural cavities

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2
Q

Divisions of Mediastinum

A

Superior and Inferior (Sternal angles to T4-5 IV Disc)
Inferior subdivided into
- Anterior (Sternal body to pericardium)
- Middle (Pericardium)
- Posterior (Tracheal bifurcation and pericardium to vertebral column

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3
Q

Contents of Superior Mediastinum

A
  • Aortic arch
  • Brachiocephalic artery
  • Left common carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery
  • Internal thoracic artery
  • Esophagus
  • Trachea
  • Thoracic duct
  • Thymus
  • Lymph nodes
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Vagus nerve
  • Phrenic nerves
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4
Q

Contents of Anterior Mediastinum

A
  • Thymus

- Lymph nodes

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5
Q

Contents of Middle Mediastinum

A
  • Pericardium
  • Heart
  • Ascending aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Superior vena cava
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Tracheal bifurcation
  • Main bronchi
  • Lymph nodes
  • Left recurrent pharyngeal nerve
  • Vagus nerve
  • Phrenic nerves
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6
Q

Contents of Posterior Mediastinum

A
  • Descending aorta
  • Azygos vein
  • Hemiazygos vein
  • Esophagus
  • Thoracic duct
  • Lymph nodes
  • Vagus nerve
  • Splanchnic nerves
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7
Q

Boundaries of Superior Thoracic Aperture

A

Posteriorly - T1 vertebra
Laterally - First pair of ribs
Anteriorly - Costal cartilage of first rib, manubrium

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8
Q

Boundaries of Inferior Thoracic Aperture

A

Posteriorly - T12 vertebra
Laterally - 11th, 12th pair of ribs
Anteriorly - Costal cartilages ribs 7-10, xiphisternal joint

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9
Q

Lines that form abdominal quadrants

A

Transumbilical plane (L3-4 IV disc), median plane

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10
Q

Contents of Right Upper Quadrant of Abdomen

A
  • Right lobe liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pylorus stomach
  • Duodenum (parts 1-3)
  • Head pancreas
  • Right kidney, suprarenal gland
  • Right colic flexure
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11
Q

Contents of Left Upper Quadrant of Abdomen

A
  • Left lobe liver
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Jejunum, proximal ileum
  • Body, tail pancreas
  • Left kidney, suprarenal gland
  • Left colic flexure
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12
Q

Contents of Lower Right Quadrant of Abdomen

A
  • Cecum, appendix
  • Most of ileum
  • Ascending colon
  • Right ovary, uterine tube
  • Right ureter
  • Right spermatic cord
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13
Q

Contents of Left Lower Quadrant of Abdomen

A
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Left ovary, uterine tube
  • Left ureter
  • Left spermatic cord
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14
Q

Landmarks of Transversalis Fascia/Parietal Peritoneum

A
  • Median umbilical fold (contains urachus)
  • Medial umbilical fold (obliterated umbilical arteries)
  • Lateral umbilical fold (inf epigastric arteries, veins)
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15
Q

Inguinal Canal (Location, Contents, Sexual Dimorphism)

A
  • Runs superior, parallel to inguinal ligament from deep to superficial inguinal rings
  • Contains spermatic cord/round ligament of uterus, blood vessels, lymphatics, ilioignuinal nerve (joins canal medial to deep inguinal ring)
  • Wider in males than in females
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16
Q

Deep Inguinal Ring (Location, Composition)

A
  • Directly lateral to inf epigastric artery, vein

- Split in internal oblique aponeurosis

17
Q

Development of Inguinal Canal: Males

A
  • Developing testes originate extraperitoneally at level of kidneys
  • Connected to site of deep inguinal ring by gubernaculum
  • Processus vaginalis traverses canal to developing scrotum, brings layers of muscle, fascia from abdominal wall with it
  • At 28th week, testes, duct, vessels, nerves cross through canal into scrotum posterior to processus vaginalis, pick up layers from abdominal wall
  • Gubernaculum, stalk of processus vaginalis degenerate
  • Processus vaginalis becomes tunica vaginalis
18
Q

Processus Vaginalis

A
  • Developmental peritoneal diverticulum

- Becomes tunica vaginalis

19
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A
  • Serious sheath of testis, epididymis

- Develops from distal expansion of processus vaginalis

20
Q

Development of Inguinal Canal: Females

A
  • Developing ovaries originate extraperitoneally at level of kidneys
  • Ovaries, uterus connected to each other, site of deep inguinal ring by gubernaculum
  • Processus vaginalis traverses canal to developing labia majora, brings layers of muscle, fascia from abdominal wall with it
  • Postnatally, connection between ovary, uterus becomes ovarian ligament, connection between uterus and deep inguinal ring becomes round ligament of the uterus
  • Round ligament traverses canal, attaches to subcutaneous tissues of labia majora
  • Processus vaginalis degenerates
21
Q

Contents of Spermatic Cord

A
  • Ductus deferens
  • Testicular artery
  • Pampiniform venous plexus
  • Artery of ductus deferens
22
Q

Borders of Inguinal Canal (Medial Aspect)

A

Ant: EO aponeurosis
Post: Conjoint tendon (Aponeuroses IO, TA)
Inf: EO aponeurosis + superior pubic ramus

23
Q

Borders of Inguinal Canal (Lateral Aspect)

A

Ant: IO aponeurosis
Post: Transversalis fascia
Inf: Sup pubic ramus

24
Q

Pelvic brim

A

Defines inferior border of greater pelvis and the pelvic inlet

25
Q

True Pelvis

A

From pelvic diaphragm to pelvic brim

26
Q

Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism (4)

A
  • Wider subpubic angle
  • Sacrum tilted more posteriorly
  • Wider set ilia
  • Larger pelvic outlet

Unit 2 (8 decks)

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