Anatomical Landmarks

Question 1

What3 things of a complete denture depens on the bases close adaptability to the anatomic structure alllowing them to function without displacing the prosthesis

Answer 1

1. Retention
2. Support
3. Stability

Question 2

The ____ the denture the more retention

Answer 2

Wider= more retention

Question 3

What are the 3 surfaces of a complete denture?

Answer 3

1. Impression/ intaglio surface
2. Polish surface
3. Occlusal surface

Question 4

What surface?

rests on the residual ridges and transmits forces directly to the denture-bearing tissues;

Answer 4

impression or intaglio surface

Question 5

What surface?

made up of the labial, buccal, lingual, and palatal parts of the denture base material together with thenon-articulating buccal and lingual parts of prosthetic teeth surfaces

Answer 5

Polihsed surface

Question 6

What surface?

consists of the teeth’s articulating surfaces which make contact during most functional and parafunctional activities.

Answer 6

Occlusal Surface

Question 7

The denture base rests on the ____, which serves as a cushion between the denture base and the supporting bone

Answer 7

mucous membrane

Question 8

generally have thicker mucosa and/or underlying bone that is less subject to resorption because it is cortical bone.

Answer 8

Primary Stress Bearing Areas

Question 9

What bone is less subject to resorbtion?

Answer 9

Cortical Bone

Primary Stres bearing areas

Question 10

The residual ridge, made up of cancellous bone and is subject to resorptive remodeling after dental extraction and with long-term denture wear.

Answer 10

secondary stress-bearing area

Question 11

What bone makes up the residual ridge?

Answer 11

Cancellous Bone; resorbs

Question 12

What are the 4 stress bearing areas on maxilla?

Answer 12

1. Primary firm tuberosity
2. Primary hard palate on either side of palatal raphe
3. Secondary alveolar ridge
4. Secondary Rugae

Question 13

What are the 3 stress bearing areas on mandible?

Answer 13

1. Primary Buccal Shevles
2. Primary retromolar pads (distal to 2nd/3rd molars)
3. secondary alveolar ridge

Question 14

Compare area of support on mandible and maxilla

Answer 14

total area of support larger on maxilla

Question 15

What is the size of the denture bearing area on the mandible?

Answer 15

14cm cube

Question 16

What is the size of the denture bearing area on the maxilla?

Answer 16

24cm cubed

Question 17

The ____ is less capable of resisting occlusal forces

Answer 17

Mandible less resistant

14cm

Question 18

The shape and size of the ____ is dependent on the anatomic contour of the patient’s dentate arch.

Answer 18

Residual alveolar ridge

U, V, Square

Question 19

When is resorbtion of the residual ridge the greatest?

Answer 19

During the first 6-12 months post extraction.

Continues at a reeduce rate throughout life

Question 20

What are 7 factors that influnce the form and size of supporting bone?

Answer 20

1. Original size prior to ext
2. Severity of perio disease
3. Amont of alveoloplasty (bone removal at ext)
4. Forces from surroundng m.
5. Forces from wear of dental prosth
6. Time as edentulous
7. Genetics/physioloic pre-despostion to bone resorb

Question 21

What 3 things can occur is the the pt has been edentulous for many years to the residual ridge?

Answer 21

• Resorbs
• Crest of ridge may lack a smooth corticol bone
• Large spicules

Question 22

Because the maxillary anterior alveolar ridge is ____, the resorption of the ridge creates a smaller maxillary prosthetic base.

Answer 22

proclined, so smaller base for maxilla

Question 23

mandibular dentition is positioned significantly ____ to the basal bone of the mandible

Answer 23

lingual

Question 24

Since the mandibular dentition is positoned lingually, the residual ridges creates a denture bearing area that is more ____ postion with a ____ and ____ mandibular prosthetic base

Answer 24

Denture bearing are is more **buccal** with **flatter & wider** mandibular prosthetic base

Question 25

How can you slow the resorbtive process?

Answer 25

By creating a dentrue that fits properly

Question 26

In what direction was the does the maxilla resorb?

Answer 26

Up and back

Question 27

what class is this ridge relationship?

Answer 27

Class 3 ridge, extensive loss of facial support

Question 28

On both max and man the **residual ridge** is a ____ supporting area

Answer 28

Secondary!!!

Question 29

The ____ of the ridges are covered in the final denture, give **stability against lateral displacement** and create the **peripheral seal.**

Answer 29

lateral walls covered * Stability * Seal

Question 30

The **mucous membrane** is composed of what 2 things?

Answer 30

1. mucosa 2. submucosa.

Question 31

formed by **connective tissue** that varies in character from dense to loose and also varies considerably in thickness.

Answer 31

Submucosa

Question 32

The submucosa may contain **glands, fat, or muscle fibers and transmits the blood and nerve supply** to the ____

Answer 32

Mucosa!

Question 33

Where does attachment of the mucous membrane to bone occur?

Answer 33

Betweent the submucosa & periosteum

Question 34

The mucosa covering the **hard palate** and the **crest of the residual ridge**

Answer 34

Masticatory Mucosa

Question 35

The masticatory mucsoa has well defined ____ epitheluum and demonstrates what?

Answer 35

* Well defined **kertinized epithelium** * Lack of tissue movement

Question 36

These **ridge crestal tissues are remnants of the gingival tissues** are what stress bearimg area?

Answer 36

Secondary Strss bearing areas

Question 37

As the mucous membrane **extends from the crest along the slope of the residual ridge to the vestibular reflection**, it loses what?

Answer 37

firm attachment to the underlying bone | Firm on crest loose on sulcus

Question 38

The mucous memebrane on the sulcus is ?

Answer 38

* Nonkeratinized or slighlty epithelium * loose connnective tissue & elastic fibers * irritated easliy, does not withstand forces well.

Question 39

What occurs to tongue when edentulous for a while?

Answer 39

It swells with resorbtion, into neutral zone

Question 40

# Maxilla What is #12?

Answer 40

Incisive Papilla

Question 41

# maxilla The **nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels pass through the foramen**, and care should be taken that the denture base does not impinge on them

Answer 41

Incisive Foramen

Question 42

# What structure maxilla? * Dense **fibrous connective tissues with minimal compressibility.** * Provide considerable support to the denture. * #7

Answer 42

Tuberosities | Primary stress bearing area

Question 43

If maxillary teeth remain unopposed, the tuberosities and posterior alveolar arch can ____ below the occlusal plane, interfering with placement of the mandibular prosthetic dentition.

Answer 43

**hypererupt**, may need to be srugically removed

Question 44

**Hard bony enlargement in the midline of the roof of the mouth.** * Small % pt. * covered by **thin mucous memebrane** easy trauma * disrupt retention * May be **surgically reduced if disrupting paletal seal** can grow back

Answer 44

Torus Palatinus

Question 45

What are the 3 limiting areas of the maxillary denture ?

Answer 45

1. Labial vestibule 2. Buccal vestibule 3. vibrating line

Question 46

# Max landmark runs from one buccal frenum to the other on the labial side of the ridge

Answer 46

Labial Vestibule | bilaterally In btwn the Buccal and lingual frenum

Question 47

Bilaterally, extends from the buccal frenum to the hamular notch

Answer 47

Buccal Vestibule

Question 48

# Maxillary landmark? extends from one hamular notch to the other across the palate

Answer 48

Vibrating Line

Question 49

# maxillary landmark? the distal limit of the buccal vestibule; it is situated **between the tuberosity and the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate.**

Answer 49

The Hamular Notch | Can be palpated with a mirror

Question 50

# Maxillary landmark? Marks the **beginning of motion in the soft palate** when an individual says “ah,” and the **soft palate elevates.**

Answer 50

Vibrating Line | Anterior to the line is no movment

Question 51

What are the 3 areas top to bottom

Answer 51

1. Buccal Frenum 2. Zygomatic Area 3. Retro-zygomatic area

Question 52

# What mandibular landmark area between the **mandibular buccal frenum** and the **anterior edge of the masseter muscle.**

Answer 52

Buccal Shelf | Primary Stress Bearing area

Question 53

What kind of bone makes up the buccal shelf? How does it lie in relation tp the occlusal forces?

Answer 53

Dense **cortical bone** , its lyes at s **right angle to the verticle occulusal forces** | Primary Stress Bearing

Question 54

How far does the mandibular denture border normally extend?

Answer 54

1-2mm beyond the oblique ridge

Question 55

# Mandibilar landmarks an oblique ridge on the **lingual surface** that serves as the boney attachment of the**mylohyoid muscles**

Answer 55

Mylohyoid ridge

Question 57

How far should the base of the mandibular denture extend pass the mylohyoid ridge on the lingual? What can result from over extension?

Answer 57

**4-6mm beyond** Overextensuon can cause the denture to lift up when the tongue lifts up.

Question 58

# What mandibiular landmark? Located **distal to the third molar** region and is composed of **fibrous connective tissue**.

Answer 58

Retromolar pad | primary stress bearing

Question 59

What 3 muscles attach at the distal portion of the retromolar pad area? **simulate the pad and prevent it from resorbing** | Pad used as landmar for the occlusal plane

Answer 59

1. Temporalis 2. Buccinator 3. Masseter

Question 60

The mandibular dentruee should cover how much of the pad?

Answer 60

2/3 of the pad

Question 61

Namr all left to right

Answer 61

1. Retromolar pad 2. Buccal shefl 3. Lingual vestibule 4. labial vestibule 5. lingual frenum 6. retromylohyoid area

Question 62

# Mandibilar landmarks Space distal to the mylohyoid muscle.

Answer 62

Retromylohyoid fossa

Question 63

What are the anterior, lateral, medial, and posterior medial boarders of the tongue?

Answer 63

* **mylohyoid muscle **on the anterior * **retromolar pad** laterally, * **muscles of the floor** of the mouth posteromedially * **tongue** medially.

Question 64

# Mandibular landmark **located above the mylohyoid muscle.** * Serves as the border of the denture base in the sublingual region * soft & reseliant will not lift denture or be traumatized * Absorbs impact of mastication on the mucosa

Answer 64

Sublingual gland area

Question 65

# Mandibular landmarks This area is bordered by the * Orbicularis oris * Mentalis muscles. * Limit depth of labial vestibule, must not be inpined up, can displace denture

Answer 65

Labial flange area

Question 66

# Mandibular landmarsk Membrane attachment for support of the lower lip. It must not be impinged upon

Answer 66

Inferior labial frenum

Question 67

# Mandibular landmarks Membrane attachment for support. Must not be impinged upon by the denture base.

Answer 67

Lingual Frenum

Question 68

# Mandibular muscles functions to protrude the tongue.

Answer 68

Genioglossus muscles

Question 69

# Mandibular landmarks The **boney origins of the genoiglossus/geniohyoid** muscles and are often covered by the denture base to aid the **peripheral seal**

Answer 69

Genial Tubercles | Can be palapated on severely resorbed mandibles

Question 70

# mandibular landmarsk Below the alverolar ridge, anteriorly where the **mental nerve exits.** * ridge resobrtions can cause it to be at the crest and therefore compressed on by denture, cause pain and altered sensation of lip

Answer 70

Mental Foramen

Question 71

# Mandibular landmakr * Lingual bilateral prominences of d**ense cortical bone** in the premolar area * May extend posterior to the molar area. * May be covered with **keratinized non-mobile** tissue or **nonkeratinized tissue** that may be mobile * Thin friable easily irritated tissues

Answer 71

Mandibular tori | Can be surgicalluy removed if inpinging, can grow back

Question 72

Mandibular tori is common in what kind of patients?

Answer 72

Bruxors because contant stimulation of bone