Anatomical planes and movement within them planes

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

Standing straight, arms down, palms and feet facing forward.

Question 2

Medial line

Answer 2

The invisible line running down the central axis of the body ( midsagittal plane ).

Question 3

Anatomical planes

Answer 3

Sagittal, coronal, and transverse.

Question 4

Sagittal plane

Answer 4

Divides the body into left and right.

Question 5

Coronal plane

Answer 5

Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (positerior).

Question 6

Transverse plane

Answer 6

Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior).

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Towards the medial line.

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

Away from the medial line.

Question 9

Anterior

Answer 9

Towards the front of the body.

Question 10

Posterior

Answer 10

Towards the back of the body.

Question 11

Superior

Answer 11

Above;

refers to structures closer to the head or towards the upper part of a structure or body part.

Question 12

Inferior

Answer 12

Below;

refers to structures closer to the feet or towards the lower part of a structure or body part.

Question 13

Proximal

Answer 13

In close proximity to;

nearer to the point of attachment ( origin of the limb ) or the center of the body.

Question 14

Distal

Answer 14

Distant from;

further from the point of attachment ( origin of the limb ) or the center of the body.

Question 15

Dorsal

Answer 15

Back of the hand.

Top of the foot.

Question 16

Palmar

Answer 16

The palm of the hand.

Question 17

Plantar

Answer 17

Sole of the foot.

Question 18

Volar

Answer 18

The palm of the hand

Sole of the foot.

Question 19

Movements within the Sagittal planes

Answer 19

Flexion, extension, and hyperextension.

Question 20

Flexion

Answer 20

The action of bending;

decreasing the angle between two bones or parts of the body.

Question 21

Extension

Answer 21

The action of straightenning;

increasing the angle between two bones or parts of the body.

Question 22

Hyperextension

Answer 22

Extending the bodypart beyond the normal limit ( or anatomical position );

such as, bending the hand or fingers back.

Question 23

Thumb movements ( forward/backward )

Answer 23

Abduction and adduction. ( thumb is at 90 degree angle to the hand ).

Question 24

Thumb movements ( side-to-side )

Answer 24

Flexion and extension. ( thumb is at 90 degree angle to the hand ).

Question 25

Movements within the Coronal planes

Answer 25

Abduction, adduction, and lateral flexion.

Question 26

Abduction

Answer 26

Movement away from the medial line; of the body or that of a body part.

Question 27

Adduction

Answer 27

Movement towards the medial line; the midline of the body or that of a body part.

Question 28

Lateral Flexion

Answer 28

Side bending of the vertebral comumn; such as, leaning to the side and/or the head.

Question 29

Wrist movement on the Coronal plane

Answer 29

Ulnar adduction and radial abduction.

Question 30

Abduction of fingers and toes

Answer 30

Spreading them apart from one another.

Question 31

Central axis of hand (medial line)

Answer 31

Runs through the middle ( third ) finger; the index finger moves away from the third finger in one direction, the other fingers move in the opposite direction.

Question 32

Central axis of foot (medial line)

Answer 32

Runs through the second toe; the big toe abducts from the second toe in one direction, the other toes move in the oppsite direction.

Question 33

Movements within the Transverse planes

Answer 33

Rotation.

Question 34

Rotation

Answer 34

Turning a bone around its own long axis; such as; rotating the leg ( femur ) so that the knee points towards or away from the medial line.

Question 35

Lateral rotation

Answer 35

Rotating away from the medial line of the body.

Question 36

Medial rotation

Answer 36

Rotating towards the medial line of the body.

Question 37

Rotational movements of the forearm

Answer 37

Supination and pronation.

Question 38

Supination

Answer 38

Rotating the hand so that the palm is facing forward or up; in this position the radius and ulna bones are parallel.

Question 39

Pronation

Answer 39

Rotating the hand so that the palm is facing back or down; in this position the radius crosses over the ulna, causing the two bones to create an X.

Question 40

Movement within all three planes ( Sagittal, Coronal, and Transverse).

Answer 40

Circumduction

Question 41

Circumduction

Answer 41

Moving the limb in all directions; draws an imaginary circle ( cone shape ) in space.

Question 42

Special movements of the foot

Answer 42

Inversion, eversion, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.

Question 43

Inversion

Answer 43

Movement of the foot from the ankle so that the sole turns inward; towards the medial line of the body ( medially ).

Question 44

Eversion

Answer 44

Movement of the foot from the ankle so that the sole turns outward; away from the medial line of the body ( laterally ).

Question 45

Plantar flexion

Answer 45

Movement of the foot from the ankle joint in which the sole of the foot and toes are pointing downward.

Question 46

Dorsiflexion

Answer 46

Movement of the foot from the ankle joint in which the top (dorsum) of the foot and toes are pointing upward.

Question 47

Special movements of the thumb

Answer 47

Opposition and reposition.

Question 48

Opposition

Answer 48

The thumb touches the tip of another finger.

Question 49

Reposition

Answer 49

The thumb returns to its normal position ( from opposition ).

Question 50

Special movements of the shoulder

Answer 50

Protraction, retraction, elevation and depression.

Question 51

Protraction

Answer 51

Movement of a body part forward ( in an anterior direction ); also called protrusion.

Question 52

Retraction

Answer 52

Movement of a body part backward ( in an posterior direction ); also called retrusion.

Question 53

Special movements of the jaw

Answer 53

Protraction, retraction, elevation and depression.

Question 54

Elevation

Answer 54

Movement of a body part upward ( in a superior direction ).

Question 55

Depression

Answer 55

Movement of a body part downward ( in an inferior direction ).