Skeleton bones and joints Flashcards
Axial skeleton
The group of bones that support and protect the internal organs;
Form the central axis of the body.
Appendicular skeleton
the bones that form the upper and lower limbs;
allow movement of the limbs and support and move the axial skeleton.
Bone shape classifications
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones.
Long bones
Longer than they are wide;
slightly curved and tend to spiral, which gives them more strength and enables them to withstand stress.
Short bones
About equal in length and width, appearing roughly cube-shaped.
They act as shock absorbers.
Flat bones
Thin and somewhat curved in appearance;
they provide a surface for attachments of muscles and function to protect underlying soft tissues.
Irregular bones
Have complex intricate shapes, and don’t fit into the other categories.
examples; the vertebrae, and the facial bones.
Projections for tendon and ligament attachments
Crest, epicondyle, process, protuberance, spine, trocanter, tubercle, and tuberosity.
Crest
A narrow, prominent ridge.
Epicondyle
A small, nonarticular projection above a condyle.
Process
A general term for any bony prominence.
Protuberance
A protruding projection.
Spine
A sharpe, slender, pointed process.
Trocanter
A very large, rough projection found only on the femur bone.
Tubercle
A small, rounded projection.
Tuberosity
A large, rounded projection that is sometimes rough in texture.
Features that help form joints ( articulating surfaces )
Condyle, facet, head, and trochlea.
Condyle
A rounded articular projection on the extremity of a bone; usually occurs in pairs.
Facet
A small, shallow ( nearly flat ) articulating surface.
Head
A large, usually ball-shaped expansion at the end of a bone.
Trochlea
A spool-like articulating surface that acts like a pully.
Depressions ( for muscles ) and opennings ( for blood vessels and nerves )
Foramen, and fossa.
Foramen
A round or oval aperture ( opening ).
Fossa
A shallow, basin-like depression.
