Anatomical Position & Movements

Question 1

What is Flexion

Answer 1

Closing a joint (decreasing the angle between two bones) Flexion & extension are defined anteriorly, so we look at what the front of the body is doing

Question 2

What is Extension

Answer 2

Opening a joint (increasing the angle between two bones) Flexion & extension are defined anteriorly, so we look at what the front of the body is doing

Question 3

Flexion of Elbow

Answer 3

When you bend your elbow, you’re flexing it (bringing your Humerus closer to your Radius)

Question 4

Flexion of Knee

Answer 4

When you bend your knee, you’re flexing it (bringing your Tibia & Fibia closer to your Femur)

Question 4

Flexion of neck

Answer 4

Neck flexion would be to drop your head forwards, bringing your chin down towards the chest, decreasing the angle at the front of the body.

Question 5

Extension of neck

Answer 5

Extension of neck is going back through neutral and drop your head behind you, increasing the angle at the front of the body

Question 5

Hip Flexion

Answer 5

When you lift your thigh towards your torso, or hinge your torso towards your thigh, you forward motion means you’re flexing your hip. Again, you’re decreasing the angle at the front of your body. You may hear this being described as “closing your hip”

Question 6

Hip Extension

Answer 6

When you’re standing straight or extending your hips like in a Couch Stretch or Glute Bridge, you’re “opening your hip”.

Question 6

Lateral flexion and extension of the spine

Answer 6

Your neck is part of your spine and can flex anteriorly (forwards) and laterally (sideways), and so can the rest of your spine!

Bending to the right means your right side flexes, while the left side extends and vice versa. You can also do inbetween-ers: flexing diagonally! A combination of Anterior & Lateral flexion!

Question 7

Shoulder Flexion

Answer 7

Lifting your arm up in front of you & up over your head.

Question 8

Shoulder Extension

Answer 8

Lifting your arm back, behind you.

Question 9

Shoulder Extension bones

Answer 9

The upper arm bone (humerus) moves closer to the acromion of your scapula – decreasing the angle the same as other flexing movements.

Question 10

Wrist Flexion

Answer 10

Bring your palm towards your forearm, you’re bending forwards, or anteriorly, defining this direction as flexion.

Question 11

Wrist Extension

Answer 11

When you move the back of your hand towards your forearm, you’re bending backward and increasing the anterior angle,

Question 11

Wrist Palmarflexion

Answer 11

Bringing your palm towards your forearm.

Question 12

Wrist Dorsiflexion

Answer 12

Bringing the back of your hand towards your forearm.

Question 12

Ankle Dorsiflexion

Answer 12

The top of the foot moving towards your shin/shin moves towards the top of your foot

Question 13

Plantarflexion

Answer 13

The sole of the foot moves back, and toes point towards the floor (/top of the foot moves away from your shin)

Question 13

Plantarflexion

Answer 13

The sole of the foot moves back, and toes point towards the floor (/top of the foot moves away from your shin)

Question 14

Anterior

Answer 14

Front
Anterior Pelvic Tilt.

Question 15

Posterior

Answer 15

Back

Question 16

Anterior Pelvic Tilt

Answer 16

Your Pelvis is tilted forwards

Question 17

Where is Rectus Abdominus relative to the Transverse Abdominus?

Answer 17

The Rectus Abdominus are in front of the Transverse Abdominus.

Question 18

Posterior Chain

Answer 18

A chain of muscles on the back of your body, e.g. Glutes & Lats.

Question 19

Your hamstrings are posterior thigh muscles.

Answer 19

Your hamstrings are on the back of your thigh.

Question 20

Medial

Answer 20

Towards the midline

Question 21

Lateral

Answer 21

Away from the midline

Question 22

Lateral Chain

Answer 22

Muscles on the outside edge of your body, away from your midline, e.g. obliques & IT Band.

Question 23

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Answer 23

Ligament on the inside of your knee.

Question 24

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Answer 24

In the centre of the knee, crossing in front of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament.

Question 25

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Answer 25

In the centre of the knee, crossing behind the Anterior Cruciate Ligament.

Question 26

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Answer 26

On the inside of the knee.

Question 27

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Answer 27

On the outside of the knee.

Question 28

Superior

Answer 28

Up towards the head / above

Question 29

Inferior

Answer 29

Down towards the feet / under

Question 30

Supraspinatus (rotator cuff muscle)

Answer 30

Above the spine of the scapula

Question 31

Infraspinatus (rotator cuff muscle)

Answer 31

Under the spine of the scapula

Question 32

Thoracic Vertebrae are superior to the Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 32

The Thoracic Vertebrae are above the Lumbar

Question 33

Your Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) blends inferiorly to the IT Band

Answer 33

The bottom of the TFL (closest to your feet) turns into your TB Band

Question 34

Proximal

Answer 34

Closer to the origin point Requires a limb having an attaching point to the body (or Origin) with the other end not attached, such as your arm, leg

Question 35

Distal

Answer 35

Away from the origin point Requires a limb having an attaching point to the body (or Origin) with the other end not attached, such as your arm, leg

Question 36

Contract

Answer 36

When a muscle shortens

Question 37

Relax

Answer 37

When a muscle lengthens

Question 38

Abduction

Answer 38

Moving away from the midline

Question 39

Adduction

Answer 39

Moving towards the midline Abduction your limb is being abducted by aliens! Being lifted away from your body!

Question 39

Adductors muscles

Answer 39

1) Adductor Brevis, 2) Adductor Longus, 3) Adductor Magnus Three muscles on the inner thigh which help move your leg inwards – toward your midline.

Question 40

Leg abductor muscles

Answer 40

Lateral, higher up your body, closer to your abs, so the abductors move laterally - away from your body.

Question 41

Elevation

Answer 41

Lifting/moving upwards

Question 42

Depression

Answer 42

Dropping/moving downwards

Question 43

Protraction

Answer 43

Moving Forwards & Out Only jaw & shoulders

Question 44

Retraction

Answer 44

Moving Backwards & In Only jaw & shoulders

Question 45

Anterolateral

Answer 45

Forwards & Out Anterior = Forward, Lateral = Outwards…

Question 46

Posteromedial

Answer 46

Backwards & In Posterior = Back, Medial = Inwards

Question 47

Shoulder Protraction

Answer 47

Shoulder blades are forward & outwards on your back, often called “rounded shoulders”.

Question 48

Shoulder Retraction

Answer 48

Shoulder blades are backward & inwards on your back, often called “pinching your shoulder blades”

Question 49

Internal Rotation

Answer 49

Rotating in, towards the midline.

Question 50

External Rotation

Answer 50

Rotating out, away from the midline.

Question 51

Pronation

Answer 51

To rotate in/down

Question 52

Supination

Answer 52

To rotate out/up

Question 53

Foot pronation

Answer 53

It “rolls” in and down towards the floor.

Question 54

Foot supination

Answer 54

Rolling your foot or palm up away from the floor

Question 55

Eversion

Answer 55

Tilting the sole of your foot to face outwards (laterally)

Question 56

Inversion

Answer 56

Tilting the sole of your foot to face inwards (medially)