Anatomical spaces Flashcards by james hall

the thoracic outlet is also known as what

superior thoracic aperture

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what are the boundaries of the thoracic outlet

T1 vertebra (posterior), 1st rib (lateral), and manubrium of sternum (anterior)

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What makes up the roof of the thoracic outlet

suprapleural membrane (sibson’s fascia)

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the suprapleural membrane of the thoracic outlet extends to and from what

from the tip of the transverse process of C7 to the inner aspect of the 1st rib

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the thoracic outlet consists of what

Trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, right and left brachiocephalic veins, right and left vagus nerves, phrenic nerves, right and left sympathetic trunks, T1 of the brachial plexus and the sternohyoid, sternothyroid and longus coli muscle

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What are the boundaries of the Axilla

pectoralis major and minor (anterior), subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi (posterior), upper four ribs and serratus anterior (medial) and bicipital groove of the humerus (lateral)

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What is the roof of the axilla made up of

Clavicle (anterior), 1st rib (medial) and scapula (posterior)

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What makes up the floor of the axilla

skin and superficial fascia

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what are the contents of the axilla

axillary artery and branches, axillary vein and tributaries, cords of the brachial plexus and six groups of lymph nodes:
Anterior (pectoral) 
Posterior (subscapular)
Infraclavicular 
Central 
Apical 
Lateral (along axillary vein)

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What are the boundaries of the Quadrangular space

Teres minor (superior)
Teres major (inferior)
long head of triceps (medial)
humerus (lateral)

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What are the contents of the quadrangular space

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

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What makes up the floor and roof of the quadrangular space

nothing

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What are the boundaries of the triangular space

teres minor (superior), teres major (inferior), long head of triceps (lateral)

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What are the contents of the triangular space

circumflex scapular branch of the subscapular artery

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What makes up the floor and roof of the triangular space

nothing

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What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa

pronator teres (medial), brachioradialis (lateral), imaginary line between humeral epicondyles (superior)

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what makes up the roof of the cubital fossa

skin, superficial fascia containing median cubital vein, deep fascia and the bicipital aponeurosis

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What makes up the floor of the cubital fossa

brachialis (medial), supinator muscle (Lateral)

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What are the contents of the cubital fossa

Lateral to medial: radial nerve, tendon of biceps brachii, brachial artery (and its terminal branches-radial and ulnar) and the median nerve

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What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox

tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis (anterior) and tendon of extensor pollicis longus (posterior)

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What makes up the roof of the anatomical snuffbox

skin, superior fascia with cephalic vein and superficial branch of the radial nerve

What makes up the floor of the anatomical snuffbox

styloid process of radius
scaphoid
trapezium
base of the 1st metacarpus

what are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox

radial artery and tendons of extensor carpi radialis longus brevis

What makes up the floor of the carpal tunnel

Carpal bones (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate)

what makes up the roof of the carpal tunnel

Flexor retinaculum - 1st fibrous square attached to the following carpal bones: Scaphoid, Trapezium Os hamate and Pisiform bones (STOP)

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel

the median nerve, tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus and tendon of flexor pollicis longus (flexor carpi radialis lies in a separate compartment)

Why is the sensation of the palm still intact when one suffers from carpal tunnel syndrome

because the superficial palmer branch of the median nerve passes over the retinaculum

Guytons canal is also known as what>

ulnar tunnel

what is Guytons canal floor made of

flexor retinaculum

what is the roof of Guytons canal composed of

pisohamate ligament

what is the medial border of Guytons canal

pisiform

what is the lateral border of Guytons canal

hamate

what are the contents of Guytons canal

ulnar nerve and ulnar artery

What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal

External oblique aponeurosis and internal oblique (anterior) with the conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia (posterior)

What makes up the roof of the inguinal canal

arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal

inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament medially

what is the extent of the inguinal canal

between the deep and superficial inguinal rings

What are the contents of the inguinal canal

ilioinguinal nerve spermatic cord in males round ligament of uterus in females

What are the boundaries of the femoral canal

lacunar ligament (medial), inguinal ligament (anterior), femoral vein (lateral), and pectineus and pectineal ligament (posterior)

what makes up the roof of the femoral canal

connective tissue

what are the contents of the femoral canal

lymph nodes (Cloquet or Rosenmuller), lymphatics and connective tissue

What is the adductor canal also known as

Subsartorial or hunters canal

What are the boundaries of the adductor canal

``` vastus medialis (anterolateral) sartorius (anteromedial) adductor longus and adductor magnus (posterolateral) ```

what are the contents of the adductor canal

femoral artery and vein saphenous nerve nerve to casus medialis

What are the boundaries of the Popliteal fossa

Biceps femoris (superolateral), semitendinosus and semimembranosus (superomedial), lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius (inferolateral and inferomedial)

what makes up the roof of the popliteal fossa

skin, superficial fascia with short saphenous vein and deep fascia

what makes up the floor of the popliteal fossa

lower end of femur, posterior aspect of knee joint, popliteus muscle and fascia

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa

tibial nerve, popliteal vein and artery, common peroneal (fibular) nerve, nodes, and fat

where do the tibial Vein Artery and Nerve lie in relation to one another

The artery is the deepest, the tibial nerve is most superficial and the vein is in between the nerve and the artery

Where does the tarsal tunnel lie

behind the medial malleolus and under the flexor retinaculum

What are the contents of the Tarsal tunnel

``` Tibialis Posterior tendon Flexor Digitorum longus tendon Flexor Hallucis longus tendon Posterior tibial Vein, Artery and Nerve "Tom Dick and Harry took the Posterior tibial VAN through the Tarsal Tunnel" ```