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FunMed Anatomy > Anatomical Terms > Flashcards

Anatomical Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the anatomical position describe

A
  • Describes positional relationship and the direction of travel of anatomical structures
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2
Q

What is the purpose of the anatomical position

A

allows communication between different langauages

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3
Q

describe what the anatomical position looks like

A
  • standing up
  • hands at the sides
  • palms facing forward
  • feet together

when laying down in anatomical position

  • supine means face up
  • pronine means face down
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4
Q

what are the different types of planes

A
  • the sagittal plane (median)
  • parasagittal plane
  • frontal (coronal) plane
  • transverse plane
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5
Q

describe the median plane

A
  • The Median plane (or the median sagittal plane) goes down the centre of the body vertically, this divides the body structures into left and right, it also divides individual body parts.
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6
Q

describe the sagittal planes

A

planes that are also vertical, they are parallel to the median planes.

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7
Q

describe the frontal (coronal) planes

A

planes are vertical, this divides the body into anterior and posterior sites,

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8
Q

describe the transverse planes

A

pass through the median and frontal plane at right angles, dives the body into superior and inferior sides, - radiologist use the word Axial planes

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9
Q

what are the sections of the anatomical body planes

A
  • longitudinal - run parallel
  • transerve - cut at right angles to longitudinal axis
  • oblique - diagonal, doesn’t lie in any of the planes
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10
Q

define medial

A

towards the midline

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11
Q

define lateral

A

away from the midline

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12
Q

superior

A

above another

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13
Q

inferior

A

when one structure is below another

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14
Q

define anterior (ventral)

A

in front

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15
Q

define posterior(dorsal)

A

at back

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16
Q

define Proximal

A

closer to

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17
Q

define distal

A

further away from

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18
Q

describe the proximal and distal part of the arm as an example

A

forearm and arm, proximal part of the arm, and proximal part of the forearm, distal part of the arm and distal part of the forearm or the hand is distal to the elbow

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19
Q

what is superficial

A

near the skin

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20
Q

what is deep

A

anything that is further away from the surface and the centre of the tissue

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21
Q

What are the two skeletons

A

axial and appendicular

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22
Q

what is the axial skeleton

A

chest area and the head

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23
Q

what is the appendicular skeleton

A

Upper limb and Lower limb

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24
Q

describe where the dorsal cavity is

A

The back of the body and is the smallest out of the two

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25
describe what the cranial cavity and vertebral cavity does
Cranial cavity protects the brain whereas the vertebral cavity protects the spinal cord, they are both continuous with each other
26
describe what the ventral body cavity does
at the front and encloses the internal organs, there are 3 subdivisions of the ventral body cavity
27
what are the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
28
How many sections of the thoracic cavity are there
3 sections
29
describe the sections of the thoracic body cavity
2 pleural 1 pericardial - It is divided into two by the mediastinum into left and right sides.
30
what does the thoracic cavity contain
contains the lungs, heart, oesophagus, trachea, thymus, blood vessels and nerves
31
what is the abdominal cavity enclosed by
abdominal muscles
32
what does the abdominal cavity include
the stomach intestines, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and kidneys
33
what is the pelvic cavity enclosed by
enclosed by the pelvic bone
34
what does the pelvic cavity include
it includes the bladder, part of the large intestine and the internal reproductive organs as well as the rectum
35
what does the diaphragm separate
separates the superior thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, but it is continuous between abdominal and pelvic cavities.
36
whats the word for the arm
upper limb
37
what are the 3 divisions of the arm
arm is from shoulder to elbow forearm is from elbow to wrist hand which is from the wrist distally
38
What is the leg Called
lower limb
39
what are the 3 divisions of the leg
there is the thigh from the hip to the knee leg from the knee to the ankle the foot from the ankle distally
40
name the vertebrae columns
- Cervical 7 vertebrae, C1-C7 - Thoracic 12 vertebrae, T1-T12 - Lumbar 5 vertebrae L1-L5 - Sacrum 1 (5 fused) - Coccyx 1 (2-5 fused vertebrase)
41
name the region for the 9 section abdomen region
- Right hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypochondrium - Right flank, umbilical region, left flank - Right iliac region, suprapubic region, left iliac region
42
what does bilateral mean
one on right and one of left, - two sides of the body, e.g. the kidney
43
what does unilateral mean
- If only on one side of the body then they are unilateral | - the spleen
44
what does ipsilateral mean
- If they are on the same side of the body they are ipsilateral e.g. the right thigh and right arm
45
what does contralateral mean
occurs on opposite side of the body, e.g. right hand is contradical to the left hand
46
where do flexion and extension occur
- Flexion and extension occur in sagittal planes around a transverse axis
47
describe flexion movement
decreases angle between bones and part of the body | - indicated bending
48
describe extension movement
increases the angle between the bones and parts of the body | - indicates straighting
49
what is dorsiflexion
flexion of the foot in upwards direction
50
what is plantar flexion
is movement of the foot in downwards direction
51
where does dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur
occurs at the ankle joint
52
what is hyperextension
this is the extension of the limb beyond the normal region of movement - causes whiplash
53
where does abduction and adduction occur
occurs in frontal plane around an anterior posterior axis
54
what is abduction
is moving away from the median along the frontal plane
55
what is adduction
is moving towards the median in the frontal plane
56
what is circumduction
circular movement, involves abduction, adduction and flexion, extension, distal end of the limb moves in a circle
57
what is rotation
rotating limb around longitudinal axis, - medial rotation brings anterior surface of limb to median plane - lateral rotation takes anteriror surface of limb away from the median plane
58
what is the name of rotational movements of forearm and Hand
pronation and supination
59
describe pronation
– rotates radius bone medially so palm faces posteriorly and dorsal of the hand faces anteriorly
60
describe supination
rotates bone laterally and returns forearm to anatomical postion
61
whats the name of movements of the foot
inversion and eversion
62
describe inversion
moved towards median plane, when fully inverted plantar flex
63
describe eversion
turned away from the median plane, dorsflexed
64
where does inversion and eversion happen
subtalar joint
65
what is elevation
this is raising or moving a part superiorly
66
what is depression
lowering or moving a part inferiorly
67
what is protection
moving jaw outwards
68
what is retraction
moving jaw inwards

FunMed Anatomy (22 decks)

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