Anatomy 1-2

Question 1

What is the primary objective of the lecture on the heart?

Answer 1

Orientate the heart within the thorax, describe the chambered structure of the heart, heart valves, coronary vasculature, conduction system, and cardiac innervation.

Question 2

What anatomical regions make up the mediastinum?

Answer 2

• Superior
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Middle

Question 3

What embryological origin is associated with the atrium proper of the heart?

Answer 3

Primitive atrium

Question 4

What are the three cusps of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 4

• Anterior cusp
• Septal cusp
• Posterior cusp

Question 5

What are the two types of semilunar valves in the heart?

Answer 5

• Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Pulmonary Valve

Question 6

What is the function of the Purkinje fibres?

Answer 6

Conduct electrical impulses in the heart

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The conduction system of the heart includes the _______ and AV node.

Answer 7

SA node

Question 8

What are the major arteries of the thorax?

Answer 8

• Ascending Aorta
• Aortic Arch
• Subclavian Arteries
• Pulmonary Arteries

Question 9

True or False: Veins have thicker walls compared to arteries.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What are the three types of capillaries?

Answer 10

• Continuous
• Fenestrated
• Sinusoidal

Question 11

What is the significance of the saphenofemoral junction?

Answer 11

It is a major venous access point.

Question 12

Which nerve is associated with pain in the central chest and left arm?

Answer 12

Phrenic nerve

Question 13

What is a characteristic of varicose veins?

Answer 13

Leaky valves

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) leads to the _______.

Answer 14

Aortic vestibule

Question 15

What is the role of the cardiac innervation in the heart?

Answer 15

Regulate heart rate and rhythm

Question 16

What is the primary histological feature of the aortic valve?

Answer 16

Collagen-rich Lamina Fibrosa

Question 17

What condition is associated with abnormal thickening of blood vessel walls?

Answer 17

Atherosclerosis

Question 18

What does the acronym NAVEL stand for in vascular access?

Answer 18

• Nerve
• Artery
• Vein
• Empty space
• Lymphatics

Question 19

What is the main function of cardiac valves?

Answer 19

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 20

True or False: Cardiac muscle cells are smaller than contractile cardiomyocytes.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the histological stain used to identify elastin and collagen in heart valves?

Answer 21

Van Gieson Stain