ANATOMY 1 Flashcards
(277 cards)
1
Q
<p>where and what is the axilla?</p>
A
<p>area lies underneath GH joint - pyramidal space that allows passageway for vessels and nerves to go to and from upper limb</p>
2
Q
<p>axilla anterior border medial border posterior border lateral border</p>
A
<p>anterior border - pact major and minor & subclavius
medial border - serrates anterior and thoracic wall
posterior border - scapularis, teres major, latissimus doors
lateral border - inter tubercular sulcus</p>
3
Q
<p>what are the contents of axilla?</p>
A
<p>brachial plexus
axillary artery and vein
axillary LN</p>
4
Q
<p>AXILLARY artery 3 parts?</p>
A
<p>medial, posterior, lateral to PECTORALIS MINOR MUSCLE</p>
5
Q
<p>WHERE does axillary artery begin and end?</p>
A
<p>at outer border of rib 1
to
lower border of teres major</p>
6
Q
<p>brachial plexus roots? and what type of rami?</p>
A
<p>c5-T1
ventral rami</p>
7
Q
<p>brachial plexus can be subdivided into? 5</p>
A
<p>roots - C5 - T1 trunks - superior, middle, inferior divisions - anterior and posterior cords - lateral, posterior, medial branches - 5</p>
8
Q
<p>branches of brachial plexus?</p>
5
A
<p>musculacutaneous axillary median radial ulnar</p>
9
Q
<p>how are the cords named?</p>
A
<p>in relation to the axillary artery in axilla</p>
10
Q
<p>explain the cords of each branch of brachial plexus?
| draw it</p>
A
<p>axillary - posterior c radial - posterior c median - lateral and medial c musculocutaneous - lateral ulnar - medial</p>
11
Q
<p>where do ulnar and radial bifurcate?</p>
A
<p>cubital fossa</p>
12
Q
<p>radial and ulnar position?</p>
A
<p>radial - posterilateral
| ulnar - anteromedial</p>
13
Q
<p>pathway of arteries in upper limb?</p>
A
<p>subclavian axillary brachial radial and ulnar digital and arches</p>
14
Q
<p>superficial veins of upper limb?</p>
A
<p>cephalic
basilic
median cubital vein</p>
15
Q
<p>what connects the cephalic and basilic?</p>
A
<p>meidan cubital vein</p>
16
Q
<p>describe cephalic and basilic veins? drains into</p>
A
<p>cephalic - lateral - drain in to axillary
basilic - medial - becomes axillary vein at lower border of teres minor</p>
17
Q
<p>dermatomes of anterior and posterior upper limb describe on own arm?</p>
A
<p>draw</p>
18
Q
<p>lymphatic vessels of upper limb drain to?</p>
A
<p>axillary nodes</p>
19
Q
<p>groups of axillary lN?</p>
5
A
<p>anterior and pectoral group posterior group apical group central group lateral/brachial group</p>
20
Q
<p>what does the pectoral girdle do?</p>
A
<p>connects the upper limb to axial skeleton</p>
21
Q
<p>Acromioclavicular Joint where?
type</p>
A
<p>between acromian of scapula and lateral end of clavicle
plane synovial jont</p>
22
Q
<p>sternoclavicular joint where?
type</p>
A
<p>between manibrium of sternum and 1st costal cartilage with medial end of clavicle
saddle synovial joint</p>
23
Q
<p>inferior and superior surface of clavicle describe?</p>
A
<p>inferior surface - rough - attaches 1st rib sternal end
superior surface - smooth and just deep to the skin and platysma muscle</p>
24
Q
<p>weakest part of clavicle? and why</p>
A
<p>middle third segment - thinnest and outermost</p>
25
compare lateral and medial aspect of clavicle?
lateral aspect is flatter than medial aspect
26
conoid tubercle for and where?
attachment for conoid ligament - posterior inferior aspect of lateral portion of clavicle
27
coracoid process where?
what attaches?
underneath clavicle -
3 muscles attach - pect minor, coracobrachialis, biceps brachi
28
costal surface of scapula?
anterior - ribs facing
29
lateral view of scapula is where?
where scapula faces humerus
30
glenoid fossa?
shallow cavity - articulates head of humerus to form GH JOINT
31
attachment and location to supraglenoid tubercle and infraglenoid tubercle?
supraglenoid - attach of biceps brachi - superior to glenoid fossa
infraglenoid - attach of head of triceps brachi - inferior to glenoid fossa
32
acromion what is it?
projection of spinal arches over GH joint and articulates clavicle at ac joint
33
abduction of arm 2 stages?
first 30 degrees - muscles acting on GH joint
beyond 30 degrees - relies on scapula - scapula-thoracic movement
34
protraction and retraction of scapula means?
p - abduction
| r - adduction
35
```
scapular movements - what muscles allow
elevation
depression
protraction
retraction
lateral rotation
medial rotation
```
elevation - levator scapulae and trapezius(descending)
depression - subclavian and trapezius(inferior and ascending)
protraction - serrates anterior
retraction - trapezius(mid) rhomboids
lateral rotation - trapezius(desc/ascen) (shrug shoulders)
medial rotation - rhomboids, gravity, levator scapulae, pectoral minor
36
gh joint is what type of joint? and between where?
ball and socket type of synovial joint
between ball is head of humerus and socket is the glenoid cavity of scapula
37
glenoid labrum?
| function
rim of cartilage surrounding the humerus and socket
deepens the glenoid fossa
38
hyaline cartilage in gh joint?
covers the articulating surfaces of joint
39
joint capsule of shoulder joint?
fibrous sheath enlcloses structures of joint
40
coracohumeral ligament between?
| strengthen what?
attaches between base of coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus
strengthens superior aspect of joint capsule
41
coraco-acromial arch made up of?
function?
acromion and coracoid process of scapula
coraoacormial ligament
prevents superior displacement of humeral head
42
what part of joint capsule is weakest?
anterior
43
bursae?
| functions
synovial fluid sac - cushion between tendons and joint structures -
act as essential shock absorbers
44
2 bursae of shoulder?
subacromial / sub deltoid
| sub scapular
45
subacromial bursa location?
role?
common injury damages it?
sits between infra/supra spinatus muscles and deltoid
extend to lie below acromion
reduce friction beneath deltoid and allow free motion
shoulder injury
46
what bursa communicates with joint cavity?
subscapularis
47
sub scapular bursa where?
| and function?
between subscapularis tendon and scapula
prevents wear and tear on tendon during shoulder joint movement
48
intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of shoulder?
extrinsic - from torso to bones of shoulder
| intrinsic - from scapula to humerus
49
rotator cuff muscles explain location and function?
| name them
originate from scapula to humeral head
stability to GH joint PREVENT SLIDING
subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
teres minor
50
subscapularis - attachments, action
medial 2/3 of costal surface of scapula TO lesser tubercle of humerus
medially rotates arm
51
Supraspinatus - attachements, action
supraspinous fossa of scapula TO greater tuberosity of humerus
abducts arm
52
Infraspinatus - attachements, action
infraspinous fossa of scapula TO greater tubercle of humerus
laterally rotates arm
53
teres minor - attachments, action
posterior surface of scapula TO greater tubercle of humerus
laterally rotates arm
54
innervation of rotator cuff muscles?
supra scapular nerve = subscapularis/supraspinatus/infraspinatus
axillary nerve = teres minor
55
deltoid muscle innervated by?
axillary nerve
56
attachments of deltoid muscle?
from lateral spine of scapula - passing across the acromion to lateral third of clavicle
attaches to deltoid tuberosity of humerus
57
actions of 3 different fibers of deltoid muscle?
anterior fibers - flexion/medial rotation of shoulder joint
mid fibers - abduct arm of shoulder joint
posterior fibers - extension and lateral rotation of shoulder rotation
58
heads of pectorals major?
sternal and clavicular head
59
what is the pectoralis major muscle?
| attachments
superficial muscle in pectoral region - fan shape
from medial third of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of first 6 ribs
to
bicipital groove of humerus - intertuberular sulcus
60
action of pectorals muscle?
adduct shoulder
| medially rotate humerus at shoulder joint
61
pectorals minor muscle where?
function
works with?
underneath the pect major
stabilises scapula during movement - and keeps it pulled against thoracic cage
works with serrates anterior
62
innervation of pectorals muscles?
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
63
serrates anterior where?
| function?
arises as interdigitations from ribs and inserts into scapula - on the costal surface of scapula (rib facing)
protracts the scapula
64
trapezius where?
| where are it's fibers?
most superficial of back muscles
fibers approach the spine of scapulae from
superior
mid
inferior
65
actions of 3 trapezius fibers?
superior - elevate scapula
mid - retract scapula
inferior - pull inferiorly scapula
66
innervation of trapezius muscle?
CN accessory
67
flexion of shoulder? muscles 3
pect major
anterior deltoid
coracobrachialis
68
extension of shoulder? muscles 3
posterior deltoid
lattismus dorsi
teres major
69
adduction of shoulder? muscles 4
pectorals major
lattismus dorsi
teres major
coracobrcahialis
70
abduction of shoulder? muscles 2 stages
0-90
Supraspinatus
middle deltoid
90-180
trapezius
serrates anterior
71
medial/internal rotation of shoulder? muscles 4
subscapularis
lattismus dorsi
pectoralis major
teres major
72
lateral/ external rotation of shoulder? muscles 3
Infraspinatus
teres minor
deltoid
73
lesser tuberosity of humerus what attaches? location
1 rotator cuff muscle - subscapularis
medial position
74
greater tubersotiy of humerus what attaches?
| location?
3 muscles attach = Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, teres minor
lateral position
75
inter tubercular groove where?
what does it do?
what runs through it?
on humerus anterior
separates two tubercles
biceps brachi run through it
76
deltoid tuberosity and radial groove of humerus
deltoid tuberosity - lateral - deltoid muscle attaches
parallel -
radial groove - posterior - radial nerve and profunda brachii artery lie here
77
how does ulnar nerve pass humerus?
passes groove on posterior aspect of medial epicondyle
78
trochlea and capitulum of humerus explain position and articulations?
trochlea - medial - articulates with trochlear notch of ulna
capitulum - lateral - articulates with radius head
79
anterior compartment of arm muscles? 3
biceps brachi - superficial
brachialis - deep
coracobrachialis - deep
BBC
80
anterior compartment muscles of arm act where? 2
on elbow joint and superior radio-ulnar joint
81
biceps brachii attachements and structure(heads)?
arises from scapula as two heads - long and short
both heads unite at distal third of upper arm - and insert into radial tuberosity
attaches to the deep fascia by bicipial aponeurosis
82
short and long head of biceps brachii - origins - and course?
short head - originates from coracoid process of scapula
long head - originates from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula - then runs through radial groove of humerus
83
action of biceps brachii?
flexes shoulder and elbow joint
supination at super radio-ulnar joint
84
coracobrachialis?
origin
attachement
action
from coracoid process
inserts to medial aspect of mid shaft of humerus at level of deltoid tubercle
action - flexion of arm at shoulder joint
85
brachilias?
origin
attachement
action
from medial and lateral aspect surface of distal shaft of humerus
attaches to process of the ulnar tuberosity near the elbow joint
action - flexion of elbow joint
86
musculocutaneous nerve supplies?
all muscles in anterior compartment of arm NOT FOREARM OR HAND
87
musculocutaneous nerve course?
enters arm by perforating coracobrachialis
descends distally between the biceps brachi and brachialis muscles - (superficial to brachialis/deep to biceps brachii)
after crossing elbow joint - it gives off branches - lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
88
roots of musculatenous nerve?
c5-c7
89
brachial artery continuation of what?
| course?
continued axillary artery
begins lower border of teres major and ends incubital fossa where It divides into radius and ulnar arteries
90
what's another branch of brachial artery?
| describe it and course?
profunda brachii - deep artery
deep to triceps muscle along with radial nerve
91
what runs in radial groove? 2
profunda brachii and radial nerve
92
median nerve roots?
c6-t1
93
median nerve course?
from lateral and medial cord of brachial plexus
descends down lateral side of axillary artery and upper part of brachial artery
then crosses over to medial side of brachial artery - then enters cubital fossa
94
pectorals minor relation to axillary artery?
splits it in to 3 parts
95
ulnar nerve roots?
c8-t1
96
ulnar nerve course?
arises from medial cord
descends along medial side of brachial artery and enters posterior compartment of arm
through medial inter muscular septum
runs along medial head of triceps and goes behind medial epicondyle at elbow
97
posterior compartment of Arm muscles?
triceps brachii
98
triceps brachii heads explain attachements and origins?
explain structure of triceps brachii fully
long heads from scapula - infraglenoid tubercle
2 short heads - lateral and medial heads from humerus
lateral - superior to radial groove
medial - inferior to radial groove
then heads converge and form common tendon of triceps and insert into olecranon process of ulna
99
main action of triceps ?
extension at elbow joint
100
nerve supply for triceps and anconeus ?
radial nerve
101
roots of radial nerve?
c5-c8
| & t1
102
course of radial nerve?
enters arm anterior to long and lateral head of triceps and runs with brachial artery - runs in radial groove - anterior to lateral epicondyle
and travels to cubital fossa to enter forearm
splits into two branches - superficial and deep
103
characteristic sing of radial nerve injury?
wrist drop
104
fracture to surgical neck leads to what?
damage to axillary nerve
105
cubital fossa?
triangular shaped depression over anterior aspect of elbow joint
106
lateral, medial and superior borders of cubital fossa?
lateral - medial border of brachioradialis
medial - lateral border of pronator teres muscle
superior - horizontal line between epicondyle of humerus
107
roof and floor of cubital fossa?
roof - bicipital aponeurosis, fat and skin
floor - brachialis and supinator
108
what vein lies anterior to roof of antecubital fossa?
median cubital vein
109
what level does brachial artery bifrucate?
at apex of cubital fossa
110
cephalic and basilic veins lie where?
cephalic - lateral
| basilic - medial
111
how median and radial nerve run through cubital fossa?
median nerve - run medially
| radial nerve - run on lateral border
112
deep veins of upper limb?
radial
brachial
ulnar
113
elbow joint type?
synovial hinge joint
114
ligaments of elbow joint? 2
ulnar collateral ligament
| radial collateral ligament
115
students elbow aka?
olecranon bursitis
116
radio-ulnar joint type?
pivot type synovial
117
radio - ulnar joint action?
supination and pronation
118
radio - ulnar joint where?
2 proximal - elbow
| distal - wrist
119
what ligament is present to keep head of radius in place?
anular radial ligement
120
supination and pronation means?
supination - hand facing up
pronation - facing down
121
muscles that allow pronation and supination? 2 each name
supination -
supinator
biceps brachii
pronation -
pronator quadratus
pronator teres
122
ulnar nerve characteristic seen?
claw hand
123
hand of benediction due to what nerve damage?
ulnar and median nerve damage
124
brachioradialis function?
flexes forearm at elbow
125
fibrous joints where?
movement?
skull sutures
teeth
limbs - connect long bones together
movement - not much at all
126
cartilaginous joints where?
types?
movement?
primary - only hyaline cartilage
- long bone growth
secondary - hyaline & fibrocartilage
- middle of body - vertebrae
little movement
127
synovial joints features?
movement?
types?
capsule - synovial membrane, cavity, fibrous capsule, articular cartilage, synovial fluid
greatest movement
6 types - pivot, hinge, saddle, ball&socket, plane, condylar
128
hyaline cartilage vs fibrocartilage?
hyaline -less densely packed collagen fibres
fibrocartilage - densely packed collagen fibres
129
structure of hyaline cartilage?
superficial layer - flattened chondrites that produce collagen
deep layer -
deep layer - round chondrites that produce proteoglycans
water 75%
130
glycoprotein?
proteoglycans?
GAGS?
g;ycoproteins - more protein than carbs
proteoglycans - more carb than protein
GAGs - unbranched polysaccharides
131
3 A's of cartilage?
avascular
anueral
lymphatic
132
synovium function and what is it(structure)?
synovium - synovial membrane - contain synoviocytes that produce fluid and has rich capillary network
direct exchange of o2, co2, metabolites between synpail fluid and bloods
133
synoviocytes are?
produce fluid - remove debris
134
synovial fluid?
| components
viscous fluid
fluid component
hyaluronic acid
135
boundary lubrication?
glycoproteins such as lubrcin bind to receptors on articular surfaces to form thin film
136
hydrodynamic lubrication?
surfaces kept apart by liquid pressure
137
weeping lubrication?
fluid in cartilage is squeezed out into the synovial cavity to increase fluid vol
138
what measures the effectiveness of lubrication?
coefficient of friction - ratio of
- ratio of force of friction between 2 bodies
- force pressing those 2 bodies together
lower the ratio - more effective luberication
139
affect/ changes that occur in joints due to ageing? 2
viscosity of synovial fluid increases - reduces lubrication and can't move as fast
water content of cartilage decreases - less shock absorbing
140
brachioradialis does what?
flexes elbow ONLY not wrist
141
pronator teres innervation ?
median nerve
142
palmar and dorsal interossei muscles does what?
palmar - adduct - PAD
dorsal - abduct = DAB
143
abduction and adduction of thumb?
abduction - thumb in air
| adduction - thumb back to side of palm
144
adduction and abduction of fingers?
adduction - closed fingers
abduction - spread out fingers
145
flexion and extension of fingers ?
flexion - closed fist
extension - open hand
146
anterior forearm muscles layers and actions?
flexors
superficial
intermediate
deep
147
posterior forearm muscles layers and actions?
extensors and abductors
superficial
intermediate
deep
148
distal and proximal of hand means?
proximal - towards elbow
| distal - towards tips of fingers
149
volar means?
palm
150
describe phalanges of fingers(digit2-5)?
```
carpal
metacarpals
proximal phalanges
intermediate phalanges
distal phalanges
```
151
describe phalanges of thumb?
carpal
metacarpal
proximal phalanges
distal phalanges
NO INTERMEDIATE PHALANGES
152
joints of fingers/digits AND THUMB?
```
CMCJ X5
MCPJ X5
PIPJ X4
DIPJ X4
IPJ X1
```
153
what joints found in fingers only ?
proximal and Distal Interphalangeal joints
154
what joint found in thumb only?
Interphalangeal joint
155
commonest fracture of carpal bones? leads to what?
scaphoid fracture in wrist - can lead to AVN ( MORE LIKELY IF PROXIMAL FRACTURE)
156
carpal bones how many - which ones to know?3
8 bones
scaphoid
lunate
trapezium
157
scaphoid blood supply?
retrograde blood supply
158
WHAT ARTERY IN ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX?
RADIAL ARTERY
159
FOUR superficial flexors of forearm? all originate from?
fingers of hand
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris Longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
all originate from medial epicondyle
160
Palmaris Longus used how?? how to see it?
tested with wrist flexed and thumb and little finger pressed - see it popped out
it is used for tendon transfers
161
superficial and deep palmar arches arise from?
superficial - ulnar artery
deep - radial artery
162
```
nerve roots of:
axillary
musculocutaneous
radial
ulnar
median
```
```
axillary - c5,6
mc - c5,6
radial - c5-8
ulnar - c8,t1
median - c6-8, t1
```
163
protraction and retraction of shoulders?
push shoulders forward - protraction
push shoulders back - retraction
164
brachialis vs brachioradialis?
brachialis - flexor - upper arm - flexes elbow joint
brachioradilais - flexor - forearm
165
biceps brachii action?
supinator - as well as flexor
166
positions of pronator teres and quadratus?
teres - superificial
quadratus - deep
both pronation
167
ulnar collateral ligament course?
medial epicondyle to cornoid process in elbow -
168
radial collateral ligament course?
extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus to neck around radius head
169
radioulnar joint wha type?
pivot synovial
170
middle radioulnar joint what type?
fibrous joint - syndesmosis
171
annular ligament where and what?
strong fibrous head
| encircles radial head
172
median nerve runs how through elbow joint?
anterior to elbow joint
173
fracture in humerus leads to what?
radial nerve damage
174
weakness in serrates anterior leads to what?
winging of scapula
175
dorsal rami of spinal nerves?
go to posterior back - e.g. muscle and sensation of back
176
lumbar plexus roots?
t12-l5
177
femoral nerve innervates what and runs underneath?
front of thigh
| underneath inguinal ligament
178
obturator nerve innervates what?
medial side of thigh -
179
sciatic nerve runs where to where?
| branches?
back of thigh to heel
branches to fibular and fibular nerves
180
sacral plexus root values?
L4,5 - S1-S4
181
What nerve gives funny bone sensation?
ulnar nerve
182
dermatomes are sensory or motor?
sensory
183
circumduction movement?
where arm moves in circular movements - draw a circle - by using multiple movements
184
attachements of scapula to vertebrae?
NON EXISTENT
185
different fibers of scapula named as and actions? 3
descending - elevate scapula
transverse - retraction of scapula
ascending - depress scapula
186
inter tubercular sulcus on humerus what muscles attach - 3?
lattismus dorsi
pectoralis major
teres major
lady between 2 officers
187
ulnar nerve pierces what muscle?
flexor carpi ulnaris - its 2 heads
188
ancones muscle does what?
| where?
assists triceps
posterior compartment of forearm
helps triceps to extend elbow joint
189
anterior compartment of forearm allow what actions?
flexion and pronation
190
medial epicondyle of humerus attachment for?
acts common flexor origin - for superifial and intermediate flexors - common tendon insertion point for 4 muscles
191
FDS origin and attachment?
medial epicondyle of humerus to radius to 4 tendons in wrist to 2-5 digits
192
what is an extra muscle in forearm?
Palmaris Longus
193
flexor capri ulnaris innervation?
| action?
ulnar nerve
flexion
adduction
194
Palmaris Longus? action?
| innervation?
flexion
median nerve
195
flexor capri radialis? action
flexion and abduction
median nerve
196
pronator teres? action
| innervation?
pronation of forearm
median nerve
197
flexor carpi ulnaris
action?
innervation?
ulnar nerve
adduction
198
intermediate anterior compartment of forearm?
FDS
| gives 4 tendons at wrist
199
what does the FDS DO? action
structure/course
FDS flexes wrist and the MIJ AND PIJ in fingers
does this by splitting into two (go to sides of phalanges) and allow profundus to pass through
200
what muscle works on Distal Interphalangeal joint? and what doe it do here? action
FDP - flexes
201
what nerve innervates FDS?
MEDIAN NERVE
202
BRACHIORADILAIS
action?
found where?
nerve innervates it?
lies in posterior compartment of forearm
flexes elbow joint - only acception !
radial nerve
203
3 deep muscles of anterior forearm?
FDP
PRONATOR QUADRATUS
FPL
204
FDP -
where is it in forearm?
main action?
its course?
on medial side - originate from ulna in front of forearm
flex Distal Interphalangeal joints and flex wrist
splits into 4 tendons - carpal tunnel and then to distal phalanges of digits 2-5
205
FDP nerve supply explain?
dual nerve supply
medial half - ulnar nerve - little and ring finger
lateral half - median nerve - middle and index fingers
206
FPL - WHAT IS IT?
INNERVATED BY?
where is it?
long flexor of thumb -
innervated by median nerve
lateral to FDP
207
PRONATOR quadratus - what is it?
where is it? origins?
ACTION?
square shaped muscle deep to tendons of FDP AND FPL
LIES IN DISTAL FOREARM - originates from anterior surface of ulna and attaches to anterior surface of radius
powerful pronator
208
innervation for pronator quadratus?
median nerve
209
median nerve roots?
c6-t1
210
median nerve passes under what muscle and between what tendons?
pronator teres
between FDS AND FDP
211
ULNAR NERVE AND ULNAR ARTERY RUN HOW?
ULNAR NERVE LIES MEDIAL TO ULNAR ARTERY at level wrist
212
where does brachial artery divides when?
divides into radial and ulnar at -
neck of radius at elbow joint
213
radial artery course in relation to what muscles? 3
starts under brachioradialis and runs over pronator teres and FPL
214
what is the carpal tunnel?
| where is it in wrist?
entrance to palm for several tendons and median nerve
in anterior portion of wrist
215
fibrous retinaculum?
strong fibrous band which stabilises the concavity of palmar surface of carpus
216
flexor retinaculum anchored by what carpal bones? 4
lateral - scpahoid and trapezium
| medial - pisiform and hamate bone
217
contents of carpal tunnel? 4
4 tendons of FDP
4 tendons of FDS
1 tendon of FPL
median nerve
218
skin of dorsal of hand compared to palm?
skin in back of hand is looser and more mobile
219
what forms the structure of palmar side?
palmar fascia
220
flexor retinaculum forms what?
roof of carpal tunnel
221
what muscle not found in everyone?
Palmaris Longus
222
thenar muscles -
where?
composed of what?
innervation?
lateral aspect of palm
3 muscles - 2 superficial 1 deep
median nerve BUT ULNAR NERVE FOR DEEP BELLY FOR FPB
223
name all thenar muscles? 3
also which deep
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis - deep
224
3 thenar muscles form? all do what?
thenar eminence
responsible for fin movements of thumb
225
INNERVATION OF THENAR EMINENCE?
MEDIAN NERVE
BUT
ULNAR NERVE FOR DEEP BELLY FOR FPB
226
Hypothenar muscles-
where and what?
innervation?
muscle belly of 3 muscles on medial aspect of palm at base of little finger
ulnar nerve
227
name all Hypothenar muscles?
| ALSO EXPLAIN DEEP AND SUPERFICIAL
abductor digiti minimi - superficial
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi - deep
228
opposition of thumb means?
ok sign - MOVEMENT OF THUMB TOWARDS OTHER FINGERS
229
where are the lumbricals of hand?
| explain structure of it?
lying deep to thenar and Hypothenar eminence - arise from medial and lateral aspect of FDP tendon between 1-5 digits
4 lumbricals for each finger
230
crucial role of lumbricals of hand?
link extensor and flexor tendons for finger movement
231
action of lumbricals? 2
flex fingers at metacarpophalangeal joint
| extend at Interphalangeal joints of 2-5 digits
232
innervation of lumbricals?
ulnar nerve - lumbrical 3-4
| median nerve - lumbricals 1-2
233
adductor polices -
structure
action
2 heads - oblique and transverse head
adducts thumb
234
what does adductor polices form in palm?
deep palmar arch
235
what runs between heads of adductor polices?
radial artery
236
what innervates adductor pollicis?
ulnar nerve
237
what muscles are deepest of hand?
interossei
238
interossei - how many?
| lie where?
lie between metacarpal bones
| 4 dorsal and 3 palmar interossei
239
action of all the interossei muscles?
DAB AND PAD
dorsal - ABDUCT
palmar - ADDUCT
240
what nerve innervates interossei muscles?
ulnar nerve
241
what nerve mostly innervates intrinsic muscles of hand?
ulnar
242
interosseous membrane what and where?
between ulna and radius
| fibrous structure - that is an addition to proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints
243
proximal and distal radio-ulnar joint are between what?
proximal - articulation between radial head and radial notch of ulna
distal - articulation between ulnar notch and head of ulna
244
wrist joint between what?
articulation between distal end of radius and carpal bones
245
what sits between ulna and carpal bones?
articular disk
246
radius articulates with what at wrist joint? 2
articular disk
| carpal bones - scaphoid & lunate
247
wrist joint is what type of joint?
synovial ELLIPSOIDAL
248
adduction and abductin of wrist joint?
adduction - ulnar deviation - flexor & extensor carpi ulnaris
abduction - radial deviation - abductor policies Longus & flexor capri radialis
249
extensor carpi radialias Longus and brevis action?
extend and abduct wrist joint - radial deviation
250
extensor digitorum -
action?
origin?
course?
extend and abduct fingers and wrist
from lateral epicondyle of humerus to split into 4 to extensor hood of each digit - ON DORSUM
251
SUPERIFICAL LAYER OF muscles of posterior forearm? name some 5
```
brachioradialis
extensor digitorum
extensor Carpi Radialis longus and brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digit minimi
```
252
deep layer of muscles of posterior forearm? name some 4
supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis Longus and brevis
extensor indices
253
supinator?
where?
superficial or deep?
action?
deep
lateral - radial side
envelopes neck of the shaft of radius
supinates forearm
254
what happens to radial nerve after cubital fossa?
split to deep and superficial branch
255
explain deep branch of radial nerve?
aka?
function
course?
posterior interosseus nerve
motor nerve of extensors of forearm
runs deep to and piercing supinator muscle
256
explain superifial branch of radial nerve?
function
course?
purely sensory - dorsum of hand
runs deep to brachioradialis and enters hand anatomical snuff box
257
extensor reticulum function?
where ?
provides stability and tunnel for extensor tendons which are wrapped in synovial sheaths
on dorsum of wrist
258
anatomical snuffbox found where?
on lateral aspect of wrist on dorsum of hand
259
what forms
medial and lateral border of snuffbox?
and floor of snuffbox?
medial border - ulnar
= EPL TENDON
lateral border - radial
= EPB & APL tendons
floor - 2 carpal bones
scaphoid and trapezium
260
what artery is on the floor of snuffbox?
radial artery
261
tendons that form borders of snuffbox?
innervation?
action?
EPL - thumb extension
EPB - thumb extension
APL - thumb abduction & extension
Posterior Interosseous nerve
262
brachial artery splits where?
splits at neck of radius
263
ulnar artery and ulnar nerve position?
ulnar artery - is lateral to ulnar nerve(medial)
264
```
roots of each:
radial
median
musculocutaneous
axillary
ulnar
```
```
ulnar - c8-T1
RADIAL - c5-c8 and t1
median - c5-c7 and c8&t1
musculcutaneous - c5-c6
axillary - c5&c6
```
265
what bone is present at bottom of anatomical snuffbox?
scaphoid bone
266
inter carpal joint type of joint?
plane synovial
267
CMC joint - type of joint in thumb and fingers?
carpal to metacarpal
synovial plane
synovial saddle in thumb
268
MCP joint - where and type of joint?
knuckles
condylar synovial joint
between metacarpal and phalanges
269
Interphalangeal joint - type of joint? and how many?
hinge synovial
| distal and proximal
270
name all carpal bones - split into distal and proximal
```
PROXIMAL
some - scaphoid
lovers - lunate
try - triquetrum
positions - pisiform
```
```
DISTAL
that - trapezium
they -trapezoid
can't - capitate
handle - hamate
```
271
muscles 4 that form and contribute to extensor expansion?
lumbricals
interossei
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
272
pennate of each type of interossei? 2
dorsal - bipennate
palmar - unipennate
273
```
carry out on thumb
abduction
adduction
extension
flexion
opposition
```
do on hand
274
klumphes palsy cause what?
muscle wasting of intrinsic muscles of hand
275
what are the trunks of brachial plexus closely related to?
subclavian artery and vein
276
what nerve innervates BBC?
MC nerve
277
bicipital groove?
between tubercles - inter tubercle groove
