Anatomy 1 (basics)

Question 1

what makes up the PNS

Answer 1

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 2

what makes up a neuron

Answer 2

dendrites
cell body
axon

Question 3

what do you call a collection of neural bodies in the PNS

Answer 3

ganglion

Question 4

what do dendrites do

Answer 4

receive information

Question 5

what do axons do

Answer 5

transmit impulses to communicate with another neuron or effector cell

Question 6

what is a multipolar neuron

Answer 6

most common kind

multiple dendrites to one axon

Question 7

what is a unipolar neuron

Answer 7

one cell body with two processes - looks like a straight line

Question 8

what type of neuron are motor neurons

Answer 8

multipolar neurons

Question 9

what type of neuron are sensory neurons

Answer 9

unipolar

Question 10

where is the cell body of multipolar neurons found

Answer 10

in the CNS

sends info out of the CNS into the PNS towards muscles

Question 11

where is the cell body found in unipolar neurons

Answer 11

PNS

sends info up into the CNS to the brain

Question 12

what is a nerve

Answer 12

axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels

Question 13

what is a single modality nerve

Answer 13

a nerve where all the axon bundles have the same function (eg. all somatic motor)

Question 14

what are the types of function a nerve can have

Answer 14

somatic motor 
somatic sensory 
special sensory 
sympathetic 
parasympathetic 
visceral afferent

Question 15

what is a mixed modality nerve

Answer 15

most nerves!!

mix of axon bundles with different functions

Question 16

what are the 12 cranial nerves

Answer 16

I - olfactory 
II- optic 
III- oculomotor 
IV - trochlear 
V- trigeminal 
VI- abducens 
VII- facial 
VIII- vestibulocochlear 
IX - glossopharyngeal 
X - Vagus 
XI- spinal accessory 
XII- hypoglossal

Question 17

how many spinal nerves are there

Answer 17

31 pairs

8 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumber 
5 sacral 
1 coccygeal

Question 18

where are the spinal nerves found

Answer 18

ONLY in the intervertebral foramina

Question 19

How do the spinal nerves connect to the vertebrae

Answer 19

via roots and then rootlets

Question 20

how to spinal nerves leave the intervertebral foramina

Answer 20

anterior and posterior rami

Question 21

which rami is smaller anterior or posterior

Answer 21

posterior

Question 22

what travels along posterior roots

Answer 22

SENSORY information (push ur feelings to the back xx)

Question 23

what travels along anterior roots

Answer 23

MOTOR information

Question 24

main difference between roots and rami

Answer 24

Rami have mixed motor and sensory information

Roots always have either sensory or motor NEVER MIXED (posterior = sensory, anterior = motor)

Question 25

what path do all motor axons take

Answer 25

From anterior horn of spinal cord into anterior rootlets then into anterior root then into spinal cord

Question 26

what path do all sensory axons take

Answer 26

From posterior horn into posterior rootlets then into posterior root and into spinal cord

Question 27

what do each spinal nerve pair supply a body segment with

Answer 27

general sensory supply to all structures somatic motor supply to skeletal muscles sympathetic nerve supply to skin and smooth muscle of arterioles

Question 28

what is a dermatome

Answer 28

area of skin supplied with sensory info from a single spinal nerve

Question 29

what is a myotome

Answer 29

skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 30

what dermatome is the nipple

Answer 30

T4

Question 31

what dermatome is the umbilicus

Answer 31

T10

Question 32

what dermatomes cover the upper limbs

Answer 32

C5-T1

Question 33

what dermatomes cover the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

Answer 33

L2-Co1

Question 34

what are nerve plexuses

Answer 34

intermingled anterior rami from a number of spinal nerves (cross over between the nerves at the rami)

Question 35

what spinal nerves form the cervical plexus

Answer 35

C1-C4

Question 36

where does the cervical plexus innervate

Answer 36

posterior scalp neck diaphragm (C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive)

Question 37

what nerves form the brachia plexus

Answer 37

C5-T1 | upper limb

Question 38

What nerves form the lumbar plexus

Answer 38

L1-L4 | lower limb

Question 39

what nerves form the sacral plexus

Answer 39

L5-S4 | lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

Question 40

where does sympathetic outflow leave the spinal cord

Answer 40

thoracolumbar T1-L2

Question 41

what makes T1-L2 different

Answer 41

they have lateral horns - sympathetic nerve cell bodies

Question 42

what are the 4 paths that can be taken by sympathetic nerves

Answer 42

1. Ascend up sympathetic trunk and then synapse 2. Synapse at level of entry 3. Descend down sympathetic trunk and then synapse 4. Don't synapse in sympathetic trunk and enter an abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 43

how do parasympathetic axons leave the CNS

Answer 43

Crania-Sacral CN III, VII, IX and X sacral nerves

Question 44

what is Horner's syndrome

Answer 44

Impaired sympathetic innervation to head and neck

Question 45

Symptoms of Horner's syndrome

Answer 45

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