Neuroanatomy 1

Question 1

<p>what is the CNS </p>

Answer 1

<p>spinal cord and brain </p>

Question 2

<p>What is the PNS </p>

Answer 2

<p>cranial nerves (12 pairs) 
spinal nerves (31 pairs_ </p>

Question 3

<p>what does the telencephalon from </p>

Answer 3

<p>cerebral hemispheres</p>

Question 4

<p>what does the diencephalon form </p>

Answer 4

<p>thalamus and hypothalamus </p>

Question 5

<p>what does the mesencephalon form </p>

Answer 5

<p>mid brain </p>

Question 6

<p>what does the metencephalon form </p>

Answer 6

<p>pons, cerebellum </p>

Question 7

<p>what does the mylencephalon form </p>

Answer 7

<p>medulla </p>

Question 8

<p>what structures form the brainstem </p>

Answer 8

<p>midbrain, pons and medulla </p>

Question 9

<p>what do neurons do </p>

Answer 9

<p>communicate information </p>

Question 10

<p>how to neurons communicate information </p>

Answer 10

<p>receive it via dendrites they integrate info and transmit impulses to other neurons or effector cells via axons </p>

Question 11

<p>what does multipolar neuron mean </p>

Answer 11

<p>the neuron has multiple dendrites </p>

Question 12

<p>what are glial cells </p>

Answer 12

<p>cells which hold the CNS together:

Astrocytes
Oligodendricytes
Microglia </p>

Question 13

<p>what do astrocytes do </p>

Answer 13

<p>attach to capillaries to support and maintain the blood brain barrier and environmental homeostasis </p>

Question 14

<p>what do oligodendrocytes do </p>

Answer 14

<p>PRODUCE MYELIN </p>

Question 15

<p>what do microglia cells do </p>

Answer 15

<p>macrophage like cells
immune monitoring and antigen presenting

live inside CNS waiting for infection - when activates processes pull in and they become like macrophages </p>

Question 16

<p>What do ependymal cells do </p>

Answer 16

<p>line ventricles and PRODUCE CSF </p>

Question 17

<p>what are gyri </p>

Answer 17

<p>sticky outy bits of brain lol </p>

Question 18

<p>what are sulci </p>

Answer 18

<p>deep bits of brain </p>

Question 19

<p>what are fissures </p>

Answer 19

<p>just deep sulci - can press finger in and it disappears lol </p>

Question 20

<p>where is grey matter located in the brain </p>

Answer 20

<p>around the outside

| also grey matter cord in middle of brain </p>

Question 21

<p>what makes up grey matter </p>

Answer 21

<p>Neuron body cells

| Glial cells </p>

Question 22

<p>where is white matter located in the brain </p>

Answer 22

<p>forms the core </p>

Question 23

<p>what makes up white matter </p>

Answer 23

<p>ONLY neuron cell processes NOT BODIES

support cells </p>

Question 24

<p>where is the grey matter in the spinal cord </p>

Answer 24

<p>on the INSIDE </p>

Question 25

where is the white matter in the spinal cord

Answer 25

on the OUTSIDE

Question 26

what shape does the grey matter take on in the spinal cord

Answer 26

H shape - made up of 2 posterior and 2 anterior horns | white matter forms columns around this

Question 27

what is the first sulcus to develop

Answer 27

central sulcus

Question 28

where is the primary motor cortex

Answer 28

pre-central gyrus

Question 29

where is the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 29

post-central gyrus

Question 30

what fissure goes between to cerebral hemispheres

Answer 30

great longitudinal fissure

Question 31

what are the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 31

Frontal parietal temporal occipital

Question 32

where is the demarcation point of the visual cortex

Answer 32

Calcarine sulcus

Question 33

what is the corpus callous

Answer 33

big band of white matter communication point between one hemisphere and the other

Question 34

what does the 4th ventricle sit between

Answer 34

cerebellum and pons

Question 35

what is the insular lobe

Answer 35

a 5th lobe located underneath the temporal lobe - deep to others important in experience of pain

Question 36

what are the 3 meninges

Answer 36

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

Question 37

where is the 3rd ventricle located

Answer 37

between the lateral ventricles

Question 38

where is the 4th ventricle located

Answer 38

between medulla and pons

Question 39

where is CSF made

Answer 39

choroid plexus

Question 40

CSF circulation summary

Answer 40

``` choroid plexus two lateral ventricles to third ventricle to forth ventricle to central canal of spinal cord or into subarachnoid space leading to reabsorption by venous system ```

Question 41

what does CSF travel through to get from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle

Answer 41

inter ventricular foramen

Question 42

what does CSF travel through to get from the 3rd to the 4th ventricle

Answer 42

cerebral aqueduct

Question 43

what is the enteric nervous system

Answer 43

Gut's own nervous system - 2 large plexuses in gut

Question 44

what is the arterial blood supply to the brain

Answer 44

``` Internal carotids Basilar artery (runs along base) Anterior cerebral arteries Middle cerebral arteries vertebral arteries ``` Circle of willis in middle

Question 45

how is blood drained from the brain

Answer 45

inter cavernous sinuses cavernous sinuses Via the dural venous sinuses which train into the internal jugular vein