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Reproduction and Sexual Health > Anatomy 1 - Pelvic # and Childbirth > Flashcards

Anatomy 1 - Pelvic # and Childbirth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the other names for the hip bone?

A

Innominate bone

Pelvic bone

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2
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

Structure formed by bony pelvis (not including coccyx)

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3
Q

What bones make up the pelvis?

A

2 hip bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

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4
Q

What makes up the hip bone?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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5
Q

Where do the ilium, ishium and pubis fuse?

A

At the acetabulum

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6
Q

What muscle attaches at iliac fossa?

A

Iliacus

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7
Q

What muscle attaches at gluteal fossa?

A

Gluteal muscles

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8
Q

Where does the iliac crest stretch from?

A

PSIS to ASIS

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9
Q

What structures attach at the ASIS?

A

Inguinal ligament

Sartorius muscles

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10
Q

Where does inguinal ligament span to and from?

A

From ASIS

To pubic tubercle

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11
Q

How is the location for a lumbar puncture found?

A

Palpate the iliac crest to find L4/L5

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12
Q

What is the part of the hip bone that you sit on?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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13
Q

What can cause ischial bursitis?

A

Sitting on hard surface for long time

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14
Q

What connects the ischium and pubis?

A

Ischiopubic ramus

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15
Q

Are the greater and lesser sciatic notches more or less blunted in females than males?

A

More blunted in females

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16
Q

What group of muscles attach to the ischial tuberosity?

A

Hamstrings

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17
Q

Where can the ischial spines be palpated on vaginal examination?

A

At 4 and 8 o’clock postions

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18
Q

What is the sacral promontory?

A

Bulge of first sacral vertebrae

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19
Q

What is a ramus?

A

A ‘branch’ of bone

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20
Q

What are the three joints of the pelvis?

A 
Sacroiliac joint
Hip joint (where femur attaches)
Pubic symphysis
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21
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint

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22
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilagenous

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23
Q

Is there much movement at the sacroiliac joint? Why/ why not?

A

Not much movement

Held in place by ligaments

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24
Q

Describe the course of the pudendal nerve

A

Out of pelvis via greater sciatic forament, curls around sacrospinal ligament then in via lesser sciatic foramen

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25
Q

What covers the obturator foramen?

A

Ligamentous band which is specialised part of obturator membrane

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26
Q

What are the ligaments of the pelvis?

A

Sacrospinous

Sacrotuberous

27
Q

Where does sacrospinous ligament span?

A

Sacrum to iliac spine

28
Q

Where does sacrotuberous ligament span?

A

Sacrum to ischial tuberosity

29
Q

What is the function of the pelvic ligaments?

A

Ensure the inferior part of the the sacrum is not pushed superiorly when weight is suddenly transferred vertically through the vertebral column e.g. jumping from height/ late pregnancy

30
Q

What hormones relax the pelvic joints during birth?

A

Relaxin

Progesterone

31
Q

What causes back pain in pregnancy?

A

Increased tension on sacrotuberous ligament

32
Q

What foraminae do the pelvic ligaments form?

A

Sciatic foramen

33
Q

What makes up the pelvic inlet?

A

Sacral promontory
Ilium
Superior pubic ramus
Pubic symphysis

34
Q

What makes up the pelvic outlet?

A 
Pubic symphysis
Ischiopubic ramus
Ischial tuberosities
Sacrotuberous ligaments
Coccyx
35
Q

What makes up the roof of the pelvic cavity?

A

Peritoneum of pelvic inlet

36
Q

What makes up the floor of the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic floor i.e. levator ani

37
Q

What makes up the false pelvis?

A

Intestines (ilius and sigmoid colon)

38
Q

What makes up the true pelvis?

A

Pelvic organs i.e. rectum, bladder, uterus

39
Q

6 functions of bony pelvis?

A
  1. Support upper body when sitting and standing
  2. Transfer weight from one long pole (vertebral column) to two poles (legs)
  3. Attachment for muscles of locomotion and abdo wall
  4. Attachment for external genitalia
  5. Protection of pelvic organs, their blood and nerve supply, venous and lymphatic drainage
  6. Passage for childbirth
40
Q

What is the significance of the structure of the pelvic for trauma and fractures?

A

It is a bony ring so fractures tend to be multiple (like a polo mint) or combined with a joint dislocation

41
Q

What is a straddle injury?

A

Fracture all 4 pubic rami

42
Q

Why is trauma to bony pelvis life threatening?

A

Because it is highly vascular

Bony fragments can also rupture bladder

43
Q

At what vertebral level does abdominal aorta become common iliac artery?

A

L4

44
Q

At what vertebral level does common iliac become internal and excternal iliac arteries?

A

L5 - S1

45
Q

What are the branches of the external iliac artery? (3)

A

Femoral artery
Inferior epigastric
Deep circumflex iliac

46
Q

Branches of anterior trunk of internal iliac artery? (6)

A 
Obturator artery
Umbilical artery
Uterine artery
Middle rectal artery
Internal pudendal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
47
Q

Branches of posterior trunk of internal iliac artery?

A

Iliolumbar artery
Lateral sacral arteries
Superior gluteal arteries

48
Q

What structures does the internal iliac artery supply?

A

Pelvis

Gluteal muscles

49
Q

What are the minor arteries of pelvis?

A

Gonadal arteries (testicular and ovarian)
Median sacral arteries
Superior rectal arteries

50
Q

Where do gonadal arteries arise from?

A

Abdominal aorta

51
Q

How does testicular artery reach scrotum?

A

Via inguinal canal therefore doesn’t enter the pelvis

52
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pelvis?

A

Femoral vein
External iliac (joins with internal iliac)
Common iliac
IVC

53
Q

Compare and contrast the female and male pelvic shape and structure

A

Female
Larger AP and transverse diameters at pelvic inlet and outlet
Wider pubic arch and subpubic angle
Shallower pubic angle

54
Q

What are the fontenelles of foetal skull?

A

Anterior and posterior

55
Q

What are the sutures of the foetal skull?

A

Coronal
Lamboid
Sagittal

56
Q

What is moulding?

A

Movement of one bone over another during labour - only possible due to fontanelles (foetal skull is not ossified)

57
Q

What foetal skull diameter is the longest?

A

Occipitofrontal diameter is longer than biparietal diameter

58
Q

What fontanelle is the largest and when does it ossify?

A

Anterior fontanelle

Ossifes around 9 - 18 months

59
Q

When does posterior fontanelle ossify?

A

3 months

60
Q

What causes a depression in the fontanelles?

A

Dehydration of baby

61
Q

What causes bulging in the fontanelles?

A

Elevated cranial pressure

62
Q

What is meant by the station during labour?

A

Distance of foetal head from ischial spines?

63
Q

What is meant by negative or positive station?

A

Negative - head above spines

Positive - head below spines

64
Q

Describe ideal positioning of foetal head during labour

A

Transverse head at pelvic inlet
Rotate and flex as descending through pelvic cavity
Occipitoanterior and extended at pelvic outlet
Final rotation so shoulders can be delivered

Reproduction and Sexual Health (18 decks)

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