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Reproduction and Sexual Health > Anatomy 2 - Female Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 - Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What structures are in the pelvic cavity? (4)

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina (vagina goes through the pelvic floor)

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2
Q

What structures are in the perineum? (5)

A 
Inferior part of vagina
Perineal muscles
Bartholin's glands
Clitoris
Labia
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3
Q

What pouches do the female peritoneum form?

A

Vesico-uterine

Recto-uterine (pouch of douglas)

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4
Q

What is superior to the female perineum?

A

Levator ani

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5
Q

Where does excess fluid in peritoneal cavity tend to collect and why?

A

Pouch of Douglas (recto-uterine pouch) because it is most inferior part of peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

How can fluid in pouch of douglas be drained?

A

Via a needle passed through the posterior fornix of vagina

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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

A

Round ligament
Broad ligament
Although not true ligaments

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8
Q

Where does the broad ligament extend from?

A

Uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis

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9
Q

What is the function of broad ligament?

A

Maintain uterus in midline position

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10
Q

What does the broad ligament contain?

A

Uterine tubes

Proximal part of round ligament

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11
Q

What makes up the broad ligament?

A

Double layer of peritoneum

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12
Q

What makes up the round ligament?

A

Embryological remnant

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13
Q

What does round ligament attach to and from?

A

From lateral aspect of uterus
Passes through deep inguinal ring
To superficial tissue of perineum
Connects to broad ligament

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14
Q

What are the 3 subcomponents of the broad ligament?

A

Mesometrium (mesentery of uterus)
Mesoslapinx
Mesovarium

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of body of uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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16
Q

What structures support the uterus?

A

Uterosacral ligaments
Endopelvic fascia
Muscles of pelvic floor (esp. levator ani)

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17
Q

What can occur if the structures that support the uterus become weak?

A

Uterine prolapse

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18
Q

What is the most common positioning of uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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19
Q

What does anteverted anteflexed uterus mean?

A

Certix tipped anteriorly to vagina (anteverted)

Uterus tipped anteriorly to cervix (anteflexed)

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20
Q

What does retroverted retroflexed mean?

A

Uterus tipped posterior to vagina

Uterus tipped posterior to cervix

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21
Q

How is an anteverted anteflexed uterus palpated?

A

Via vagina

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22
Q

How is a retroverted retroflexed uterus palpated?

A

Via rectum

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23
Q

What is sampled in a smear test?

A

Transition zone

Squamo-columnar junction

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24
Q

Where does fertilisation usually occur?

A

Ampulla

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25
Where does fimbriae at the end of uterine tube open into?
The peritoneal cavity
26
Why is there a possibility of infection transfer from genitals to peritoneal cavity?
Because the fimbrae have an open communication into the peritoneal cavity
27
What hormones do ovaries secrete?
Oestrogen and progesterone
28
What causes ovaries to secrete hormones?
Response to LH and FSH
29
Where is the ovum released by ovary?
Directly into the peritoneal cavity to be picked up by the fimbriae of uterine tube
30
What is the fornix of vagina?
Superior part of vagina where the walls are held apart by the cervix
31
What are the 4 parts of the fornix?
Anterior Posterior 2 x lateral
32
What can be palpated on vaginal digital examination?
Ischial spines (to find pudendal nerve) Position of uterus Adnexae
33
How can the adnexae be palpated?
Place fingers into lateral fornix Press deeply with other hand into iliac fossa of same side Can detect large masses or tenderness
34
What is the perineum?
Shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and skin
35
What are the 2 pouches of perineum?
Superficial | Deep
36
What are the 2 triangles of perineum?
Urogenital | Anal
37
What nerve supplies perineal muscles?
Pudendal nerve
38
What muscle forms the majority of the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani
39
What nerve supplies the pelvic diaphragm?
S3, S4, S5
40
Functions of levator ani (3)
1. Support abdominopelvic organs through their tonic contraction 2. Resist any increases in intrapelvic or abdominal pressure during e.g. coughing 3. Urinary and fecal continence
41
What is the perineal body?
Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue
42
What attaches to perineal body?
Perineal muscles
43
Why is perineal body important?
Pelvic floor strength
44
Where is perineal body located?
Just deep to skin
45
What does perineal body contain?
Bartholin's glands (greater vestibular glands)
46
What do Bartholin's glands secrete?
Lubricant for sexual arousal
47
What is anterior to pubic bone?
Mons pubis
48
Name key components of surface area of vagina
``` Mons pubis Labium majus Labium minus Clitoris External uretral orifice Vestibule Vaginal orifice Anus ```
49
Where does bed of breast attach?
Rib 2 - 6 Lateral border of sterum To mid-axillary line
50
What does bed of breast lie on?
Deep fasica
51
What muscles does bed of breast cover?
Pec major and serratus anterior
52
Where does retromammary space lie?
Between fascia and breast
53
How does breast attach to skin?
Via suspensory ligaments
54
How is the breast divided for examination?
``` Quadrants Upper outer Upper inner Lower outer Lower innter ```
55
How do you get the patient to stand during breast examination?
Hands on hips | To contract the pectoral muscles
56
What is also assessed during a breast examination?
Axilla | Supraclavicular area
57
Where does 75% of lymph from breast drain to?
Ipsilateral lymph nodes | Then supraclavicular nodes
58
Where can lymph from inner quadrant drain?
Ipsilateral OR CONTRALATERAL lymph nodes | Then supraclavicular nodes
59
Where does lymph from upper limb drain?
Axillary nodes
60
What can occur in axillary node clearance?
Lymphedema
61
What is the axilla?
Pyramidal passageway between arm and chest
62
What does the axilla contain?
Brachial plexus branches Axillary artery and vein Lymph nodes Embedded in axillary fat
63
What does the 'level' of axillary node clearance related to?
Pectoralis major
64
What is level 1 axillary clearance?
Inferior and lateral to pectoralis major
65
What is level 2 axillary clearance?
Deep (central) to pectoralis major
66
What is level 3 axillary clearance?
Superior and medial to pectoralis major (in supraclavilar area near the venous angle)
67
What artery supplies the breast?
Internal thoracic (branch of subclavian artery)
68
Where does blood from breast drain?
Into axillary and internal thoracic veins

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