Anatomy 1 - Upper leg muscles

Question 1

Origin of sartorius?

Answer 1

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Question 2

Insertion of sartorius?

Answer 2

• Proximal head of tibia below medial condyle
• (via common tendon of the pes anserinus)

Question 3

What is the pes anserinus?

Answer 3

Conjoined tendons (insertion) of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles

Question 4

Function of sartorius?

Answer 4

• Flexion, weak AB/AD, ER of hip joint
• Flexion, IR of knee joint

–> Synergist muscle

Question 5

Origin of rectus femoris?

Answer 5

• Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
• acetabular roof of the hip (superior ridge of the acetabulum)

Question 6

Insertion of rectus femoris?

Answer 6

• Patella via the common quadriceps tendon
• Inserting on the tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 7

Function of rectus femoris?

Answer 7

• Hip flexion (only quadriceps muscle able to do so)
• Knee extension
• (prevents entrapment of the capsule –> articulis genus)

Question 8

Origin of vastus lateralis?

Answer 8

• Lateral surface of the greater trochanter
• Lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur

Question 9

Insertion of vastus lateralis?

Answer 9

• Patella base via the common quadriceps tendon
• Lateral tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (apex of the patella)

Question 10

Function of vastus lateralis?

Answer 10

Knee extension

(prevents entrapment of the capsule –> articulis genus)

Question 11

Origin of vastus intermedius?

Answer 11

Anterior upper surface of femoral shaft

Question 12

Insertion of vastus intermedius?

Answer 12

• Patella via the common quadriceps tendon
• Inserting on the tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 13

Function of vastus intermedius?

Answer 13

Knee extension

(prevents entrapment of the capsule –> articulis genus)

Question 14

Origin of vastus medialis?

Answer 14

• Intertrochanteric line of the femur
• Medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur

Question 15

Insertion of vastus medialis?

Answer 15

• Patella via the quadriceps tendon
• Medial tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Question 16

Function of vastus medialis?

Answer 16

Knee extension

(prevents entrapment of the capsule –> articulis genus)

Question 17

What are the two heads biceps femoris is constituted of?

Answer 17

• Long head (caput longum)
• Short head (caput breve)

Question 18

Origin of biceps femoris?

Answer 18

• Long head: ischial tuberosity + sacrotuberous ligament (common semitendinosus and semimembranosus)
• Short head: linea aspera of the femur (lateral lip)

Question 19

Insertion of biceps femoris?

Answer 19

Head of fibula (lateral surface)

Question 20

Function of biceps femoris?

Answer 20

• Hip E
• Knee Flexion and ER

Question 21

Origin of semitendinosus?

Answer 21

Ischial tuberosity + sacrotuberous ligament (common biceps femoris and semimembranosus)

Question 22

Insertion of semitendinosus?

Answer 22

• Medial tuberosity of the tibia
• (via common tendon of the pes anserinus)

Question 23

Function of semitendinosus?

Answer 23

• Hip E, IR
• Stabilises pelvis
• Knee flexion, IR

Question 24

Origin of Semimembranosus?

Answer 24

• Ischial tuberosity (inferior pelvis)
• Sharing a common tendon with semimembranosus and biceps femoris

Question 25

Insertion of Semimembranosus?

Answer 25

Medial condyle of tibia

Question 26

Function of Semimembranosus?

Answer 26

- Hip: E, IR + stabilises pelvis - Knee: Flexion, IR

Question 27

Origin of gracilis?

Answer 27

Inferior ischiopubic ramus + body pubis (inferior pubic ramus)

Question 28

Insertion of gracilis?

Answer 28

Pes anserinus (medial tibia)

Question 29

Function of gracilis?

Answer 29

- Hip: F, ADD - Knee: F, IR

Question 30

Origin of pectineus?

Answer 30

Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line of pubis)

Question 31

Insertion of pectineus?

Answer 31

- Linea aspera of femur - Pectineal line of femur

Question 32

Function of pectineus?

Answer 32

F, ADD, of hip + stabilises pelvis + can assist hip IR

Question 33

Origin of adductor longus?

Answer 33

Body pubis, lateral to pubic symphysis

Question 34

Insertion of adductor longus?

Answer 34

Linea aspera of femur (btw vastus medialis - adductor magnus)

Question 35

Function of adductor longus?

Answer 35

Powerful AD, IR of the hip (hip flexion as a synergist)

Question 36

Origin of adductor brevis?

Answer 36

Inferior pubic ramus

Question 37

Insertion of adductor brevis?

Answer 37

Linea aspera of femur

Question 38

Function of adductor brevis?

Answer 38

F, ADD, ER of the hip + stabilises pelvis

Question 39

Origin of adductor magnus?

Answer 39

Can be considered in two portions: hamstring-adductor - Adductor: inferior ischiopubic ramus (pubic ramus + ischial ramus) - Hamstring: ischial tuberosity

Question 40

Insertion of adductor magnus?

Answer 40

- Linea aspera of the femur - Adductor tubercle on the medial condyle of the femur (medial epicondyle)

Question 41

Function of adductor magnus?

Answer 41

F, E, ADD, ER, IR of the hip + stabilises pelvis