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anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

tibialis anterior

A

lateral surface of tibia
medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexion

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2
Q

fibulas tertius

A

medial surface of fibula
dorsum of metatarsal 5
deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexion

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3
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula
dorsum of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
deep fibular nerve
extends digits 2-5, dorsiflexion

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4
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

medial surface of fibula shaft
dorsum of distal phalanx of big toe
deep fibular nerve
extends big toe, dorsiflexion

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5
Q

fibularis longus

A

lateral condyle of tibia + superior and lateral surface of fibula
medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
superficial fibular nerve
eversion

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6
Q

fibularis brevis

A

inferior lateral surface of fibular shaft
tubercle of 5th metatarsal
superifical fibular nerve
eversion

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7
Q

gastrocnemius

A

lateral head: lateral femoral condyle
medial head: medial femoral condyle
calcaneus via calcanea tendon
tibial nerve
plantar flexion of ankle, flexion of knee

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8
Q

soleus

A

soleal line of tibia, proximal fibula
calcaneus via calncaneal tendon
tibial nerve
plantar flexion of foot

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9
Q

plantaris

A

lateral supracondylar line of femur
calcaneus via calcanea tendon
tibial nerve
plantar flexion

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10
Q

tibialis posterior

A

interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia and fibular
bases of 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals
tibial nerve
plantar flexion, inversion of foot

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11
Q

popliteus

A

lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus of knee joint
posterior proximal tibia
tibial nerve
lateral rotation of femur, unlocks knee joint

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12
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

posterior surface of fibula
base of distal phalanx of big toe
tibial nerve
flexion of big toe

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13
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

medial surface of tibia
bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
tibial nerve
flexion of 2-5

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14
Q

biceps femoris

A

long head - ischial tuberosity
short head - linea aspera
!!!! lateral head of fibula !!!!!
long head - tibial parts of sciatic nerve
short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve
flexion of knee, extension of hip, external rotation of thigh+knee

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15
Q

semi tendinosus

A

ischial tuberosity
medial surface of tibia
tibial part of sciatic nerve
flexion of knee, extension of hip, internal rotation of knee+thigh

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16
Q

semi Membranosus
(towards Midline of body)

A

ischial tuberosity
medial tibial condyle
tibial part of sciatic nerve
flexion of knee, extension of hip, internal rotation knee+ thigh

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17
Q

adductor longus

A

pubis
linea aspera
obturator nerve
adduction

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18
Q

adductor brevis

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis
linea aspera
obturator nerve
adduction

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19
Q

adductor magnus

A

adductor part: (very similar to adductor brevis/longus!!)
inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
linea aspera
obturator nerve
adduction + flexion

hamstring part: (similar to long head biceps femur/semitendinosus/semimembranosus!!!!)
ischial tuberosity
adductor tubercle of femur
tibial part of sciatic nerve
adduction + extension

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20
Q

gracilis

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis
medial surface of tibial shaft
obturator nerve
adduction

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21
Q

obturator externus

A

obturator membrane/foramen
trochanteric fossa of femur
obturator nerve
lateral rotation

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22
Q

rectus femoris

A

ASIS, ilium
quadriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee

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23
Q

vastus lateralis

A

greater trochanter of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera
quadriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee

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24
Q

vastus intermedius

A

femoral shaft
qaudriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee

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25
vastus medialis
intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera qaudriceps tendon --> patella femoral nerve extension of knee
26
iliacus
iliac fossa + ASIS lesser trochanter femoral nerve flexes thigh at hip
27
psoas major
lumber vertebrae T12-L5 lesser trochanter anterior rami of lumbar nerve L1-3 flexes thigh at hip
28
psoas minor
T12 -L1 pectineal line of pubis + iliopubic eminence anterior rami of L1-L2 flexes thigh at hip
29
pectineus
pectineal line of pubis pectineal line of femur femoral nerve flexion + adduction
30
sartorius
ASIS superior medial tibia femoral nerve flexes thigh and knee
31
piriformis
anterior sacrum greater trochanter nerve to piriformis lateral rotation and abduction
32
obturator internus
obturator membrane greater trochanter nerve to obturator internus lateral rotation and abduction
33
superior gemellus
ischial spine greater trochanter nerve to obturator internus lateral rotation and abduction
34
inferior gemellus
ischial tuberosity greater trochanter nerve to quadrates femoris lateral rotation and abduction
35
quadratus femoris
ischial tubeority quadrate tubercle of femur nerve to quadratus femoris lateral rotation
36
gluteus maximus
posterior surface of ileum, sacrum. coccyx iliotibial tract inferior gluteal nerve extends thigh. laterally rotates
37
gluteus medius
posterior surface of ileum greater trochanter of femur superior gluteal nerve abducts and medially rotates thigh
38
gluteus minimus
posterior surface of ileum greater trochanter superior gluteal nerve abducts and medially rotates thigh
39
tensor fascia latae
ASIS iliotibial tract superior gluteal nerve abducts and medially rotates thigh
40
external oblique
ribs 5-12 iliac crest and pubic tubercle thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11, subcostal nerve T12 contralateral rotation of torso
41
internal oblique
inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia ribs 10-12 thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11, subcostal nerve T12, lumbar plexus bilateral contraction: compresses abdomen unilateral contraction: ipsilaterally rotates torso
42
transversus abdominis
inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12 xiphoid process, linea alba, conjoint tendon, pubic crest thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11, subcostal nerve T12, lumbar plexus compresses abdominal contents (most important muscle in raising intra abdominal pressure)
43
rectus abdominis
pubic crest xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11 compresses abdominal viscera, stabilises pelvis during walking, depresses ribs
44
order of tendons on medial side of foot
tibias posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
45
which nerves and vessels run on the posterior surface of tibialis posterior, laterally
fibular vein and artery (along fibular, covered at bottom by flexor hallucinate longus)
46
which nerves and vessels run on the posterior surface of tibialis posterior, medially
posterior tibial vein and artery tibial nerve (most inside)
47
is superficial fibular nerve medial or lateral
lateral
48
which nerves and vessels run on the anterior surface of tibialis posterior and which direction do they run
deep fibular nerve anterior tibial artery + vein laterally to medially
49
what does the sciatic nerve split into
tibial nerve common fibular nerve - gives off lateral sural cutaneous
50
what nerve is seen with the small saphenous vein and where
medial sural cutaneous between lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius - on plantaris
51
which foot bone is most medial
navicular cuboid is lateral
52
what are the ligaments in front and behind of the hip joint
front top = iliofemoral bottom = pubofemoral back ischiofemoral
53
ligament across bottom of acetabulum
transverse acetabular ligament
54
lining of acetabulum
acetabular labrum
55
where does ligament of head of femur attach
fovea
56
name of nerve along 2nd metatarsal
deep fibular nerve
57
list of structures seen on lateral side of foot
superficial fibular nerve fibularis brevis fibularis longus small saphenous vein > left marginal vein > dorsal venous arch sural nerve
58
order of structures even on medial side of foot
great saphenous vein saphenous nerve tibialis posterior tendon flexor digitorum longus tendon posterior tibial veins and arteries tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus tendon
59
what nerve is seen with the saphenous vein
saphenous nerve
60
4 main nerves seen in gluteal region
sciatic posterior femoral cutaneous pudendal perforating cutaneous
61
what nerve lies over the medial rectus
nasociliary nerve
62
what are the 2 divisions of the opthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerve, seen from above, and which muscles do they lie over
frontal (over levator palpebral superioris) lacrimal (over lateral rectus)
63
what are the 3 holes seen in eye socket in the sphenoid bone and what passes through each one
optic canal: (cn2) optic nerve, ophthalmic artery superior orbital fissure: (cn 3,4,5-1,6) oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, opthalmic nerve, abducens nerve, opthalmic vessels, sympathetic fibres inferior orbital fissure: (cn 5-2) maxillary nerve, infraorbital vessels
64
what does superior oblique hook around
trochlea
65
what do the eye muscles insert into
common tendinous ring
66
what gives general sensation to anterior and posterior regions of nasal cavity
trigeminal nerve anterior = V1 ophthalmic posterior = V2 maxillary
67
full innervation of nasal cavity
olfactory nerve trigeminal nerve facial nerve sympathetic neurones
68
what is the inside fossa area of the auricle called
concha of auricle top = cymba bottom = cavity
69
which nerve is seen directly over the external acoustic meatus
auriculotemporal nerve
70
which muscle is seen directly above external acoustic meatus
temporalis muscle
71
what is seen directly below external acoustic meatus
parotid glands + superior parotid lymph nodes
72
motor function of facial nerve
muscles of facial expression stapedius stylohyoid posterior belly of digastric
73
sensory function of facial nerve
taste - anterior 2/3 of tongue parasympathetic -lacrimal /mucous /sublingual /submandibular glands - hard and soft palate general sensation - external acoustic meatus to deeper parts of auricle
74
order of nerves in cavernous sinus
optic opthalmic trochlear abducens (towards middle) trigeminal V1 trigeminal V2
75
routes of inferior gluteal nerve
L5 S1 S2
76
routes of superior gluteal nerve
L4 - S1
77
routes of nerve to obturator internus
L5 S1
78
roots of nerve which supplies piriformis
S1 S2
79
routes of nerve to quadratus femoris
L4 - S1
80
routes of femoral nerve
L2-4
81
routes of nerves to psoas major
L1-3
82
routes of nerves to psoas minor
L1-2
83
routes of obturator nerve
L2-4
84
routes of sciatic nerve
L4 - S3
85
routes of deep fibular nerve
L4- S1
86
routes of superficial fibular nerve
L4-S1
87
routes of tibial nerve
L4-S3
88
structures that leave through greater sciatic notch
suprapiriformis foramen = superior gluteal artery, vein, nerve infrapiriformis foramen = POPS IQ pudendal nerve nerve to obturator internus posterior femoral cutaneous nerve sciatic nerve inferior gluteal nerve + vessels nerve to Quadratus femoris
89
structures that travel through the lesser sciatic notch
pudendal nerve (leaves through greater and re enters through lesser) internal pudendal artery + vein nerve to obturator internus tendon of obturator internus
90
female inguinal canal contents
round ligament of uterus ilioinguinal nerve genital branch of genitofemoral nerve blood and lymphatic vessels
91
male inguinal canal contents
spermatic cord ilioinguinal nerve genital branch of genitofemoral nerve blood and lymphatic vessels
92
4 walls of inguinal canal
superior wall 2 muscles - internal oblique muscle - transverses abdominis muscle anterior wall 2 aponeuroses - aponeurosis of external oblique - aponeurosis of internal oblique floor 2 ligaments - inguinal ligament - lacunar ligament posterior wall 2 Ts - Transversalis fascia - conjoint Tendon
93
what goes over the ureter in males
vas deferns
94
bulbourethral gland
produces lubricating mucus secretion, expels urine from uretehra, neutralises residual acidity in urethra
95
seminal vesicle
secretes alkaline fluid with coagulant agents and fructose
96
prostate gland
secretes proteolytic enzymes into semen
97
name of venous plexus on testes
pampiniform plexus
98
lines on scrotum
scrotum raphe
99
varicocele of testes
enlargement fo panpinifrom veins due to defective valves or compression of nearby structure
100
retropertineal organs
S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland A: aorta/IVC D: duodenum (second and third part) P: pancreas (except tail) U: ureters C: colon (ascending and descending) K: kidneys E: (o)oesophagus R: rectum
101
2 ligaments of spleen
gastrosplenic = between stomach and spleen splenorenal = between kidney and spleen
102
which is above, splenic artery or vein
splenic artery is above
103
which ribs protect spleen
9,10,11
104
level of pancreas
L1
105
order of SMV and SMA under pancreas
SMV - next to head (in the corner) SMA - on side
106
where does MOD and CBD open into
2nd part of duodenum
107
blood supply of ascending colon
ileocolic artery and right colic artery of SMA
108
where does SMA arise
1 cm below CT
109
where does CT arise
T12-L1
110
aorta birfurcation
L4
111
blood supply of descending colon
ascending and descending branches of left colic artery of IMA
112
liver's dual supply
25% arterial - keeps it healthy 75% venous - detoxification and regulates nutrients
113
what drains distal colon
IMV --> splenic artery
114
what drains majority of fore gut
splenic veins
115
what drains proximal colon and small bowel
SMV
116
what are the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and where do they drain
pre aortic para aortic into cisterns chill
117
differentiate between jejunum and ileum
jejunum = less arterial arcades and longer vasa recta, redder, thicker, more folds ileum = more arterial arcades and shorter vasa recta, less red, thinner, lesss folds
118
surrounding kidneys
perineohric fat renal fascia paranephric fat
119
which kidney sits lower
right
120
which is most right, IVC or aorta
IVC = right aorta = left
121
which muscle does ureter lie over
psoas major
122
arteries to the kidney/adrenal gland from top to bottom
superior suprarenal middel suprarenal inferior suprarenal renal
123
veins from from kidneys/adrenal glands
renal vein branches = suprarenal vein and ovarian/testicular vein
124
start, diaphragm entrance and end of oesophagus
start at C6 cross diaphragm at T10 enters stomach at T11
125
oesphagus constrcitions
ABCD arch of aorta left bronchus cricoid cartilage diaphragm
126
arterial supply of oesophagus
thoracic - inferior thyroid artery abdominal - left gastric artery
127
venous drainage of oesophagus
thoracic - azygous vein abdominal - left gastric vein
128
what level is transpyloric vein and what lies there
L1 stomach
129
innervation of stomach
vagal trunk and coeliac plexus T6-9
130
blood supply of duodenum
superior and inferior duodenal arteries
131
drainage of duodenum
portal vein
132
innervation of duodenum
vagal trunk and coeliac plexus T8-10
133
what is duodenum suspended by
ligament of treitz
134
what supplies the jejenoileum
SMA - arterial arcades and vasa recta
135
what drains the jejenoileum
SMV
136
what absorbs fat from the jejenoileum
lacteals
137
what innervates the jejenoileum
SMA plexus - postsynaptic neurones from SMA and coeliac ganglion - presynaptic neurones from vagal trunk
138
blood supply of caecum and appendix
iliocolic artery
139
drainage of caecum and appendix
SMV
140
innervation of caecum and appendix
SMA plexus - postsynaptic neurones from SMA and coeliac ganglion - presynaptic neurones from vagal trunk
141
what rib level is hectic flexure
9-10
142
what level is transverse colon
L3
143
what level does sigmoid terminate
S3
144
blood supply of colon
R and middle = SMA L and sigmoidal = IMA transverse = 2/3 SMA, 1/3 IMA
145
innervation of colon
until spelinic flexure - thoracic trunk to SM plexus and vagal trunk after splenic flexure - lumbar trunk to splanchnic nerves and IM plexus
146
blood supply of gall bladder
cystic artery
147
drainage of gall bladder
cystic veins
148
innervation of gall bladder
coeliac plexus - sympathetic, afferent vagus nerve - contraction and relaxation of sphincters
149
which nerves can be seen over quadratus lumborum
subcostal iliohypogastric ilioinguinal lateral femoral cutaneous
150
which nerve is seen behind psoas major
femoral
151
which nerve is seen on psoas major
genitofemoral (short femoral branch is lateral, genital branch is medial)
152
a deficiency in what forms the deep inguinal ring
transversals fascia
153
what is the neck of the stomach called
cardia
154
what is the sphincter between the stomach and duodenum
pyloric sphincter
155
what is the band on the caecum called
free taenia of cecum
156
nervous plexus seen when reflecting greater omentum
coeliac plexus
157
order of arteries seen when reflecting omentum
right = SMA left = SMV right = jejunal arteries left = ileal arteries
158
what are the vessels between renal pyramids called
renal columns
159
artery on inferior surface of diaphragm
inferior phrenic artery
160
nerve coming out from under bottom of kidney
iliohypogastric
161
bottom branch of renal artery within kidney
inferior segmental artery of kidney
162
veins and artery branches to the renal pyramids
interlober veins and arteries
163
what does azygous drain into, and at what level
SVC T4

BRS 1b (10 decks)

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